• This special campaign was organized in collaboration with lakhs of personnel from the country's 'Ayushman Arogya Mandirs'.
• Under this national program, health workers and citizens cycled together at more than 15,000 locations across India.
• The primary objective of this initiative is to keep citizens physically fit and promote a 'zero-carbon lifestyle'.
• The 'Fit India Sunday on Cycle' campaign was officially launched in New Delhi on December 17, 2024, under the guidance of Union Minister of Youth Affairs and Sports, Dr. Mansukh Mandaviya.
• This initiative is part of the Government of India's flagship 'Fit India Movement', which was originally launched by Prime Minister Narendra Modi on August 29, 2019.
• The campaign is conducted by the Ministry of Youth Affairs and Sports in collaboration with the Cycling Federation of India (CFI), Yogasan Bharat, and MY Bharat.
• The campaign aims to address the challenge of rising obesity in the country, promote fitness, and raise awareness about a zero-carbon lifestyle (environmental conservation).

• Old Name: Kathua Railway Station (Jammu & Kashmir)
• New Name: Shaheed Captain Sunil Kumar Chaudhary Kathua Railway Station
• Railway Zone: Northern Railway
• Ticketing System: It will now appear as “MC Sunil Kathua” in the Unreserved Ticketing System (UTS) and Passenger Reservation System (PRS).
• Alpha Code: Will change from KTHU to MSKT.

Shaheed Captain Sunil Kumar Chaudhary:

• Place of Birth: He was born on June 22, 1980, in Govindsar village, Kathua district, Jammu & Kashmir.
• Military Unit: He was a Captain in the Indian Army's prestigious 7/11 Gorkha Rifles.
• Supreme Sacrifice: He was martyred on January 27, 2008, while leading a counter-insurgency operation against militants of the banned organization ULFA in Rangagarh village, Tinsukia district, Assam. Despite being critically injured, he managed to kill two militants.
• Military Honors: He was posthumously awarded the Kirti Chakra—India's second-highest peacetime gallantry award—and the Sena Medal for his bravery.

• Location: Puga Valley, Eastern Ladakh
• Altitude: Situated at an elevation of over 14,000 feet above sea level
• Well Depth: Each well is 1,000 meters (1 km) deep, making them the deepest geothermal wells in India.
• Project Capacity: This pilot project has a capacity of 1 Megawatt (MW).
• Recorded Temperature: A maximum temperature of 135°C was recorded at a depth of just 400 meters.
• Executing Agency: ONGC Energy Centre
• Geothermal Energy: A renewable and non-conventional energy source derived from heat and hot water/steam stored within the Earth's interior (crust).
• Major Geothermal Regions in India:
• Puga Valley and Chumathang: Ladakh
• Manikaran - Parvati Valley: Himachal Pradesh
• Tapovan: Uttarakhand
• Tattapani: Chhattisgarh/Madhya Pradesh border
• Surajkund: Jharkhand
• Khammam: Telangana (Godavari Basin)

Oil and Natural Gas Corporation Limited (ONGC):

• Establishment: August 14, 1956
• Status: Maharatna Public Sector Undertaking (PSU)
• Headquarters: New Delhi
• International Operations: Operates global oil and gas assets through ONGC Videsh Limited (OVL).

• Best Feature Film: 'Article 370' (Hindi film)
• Best Hindi Film: 'Srikanth' (starring Rajkummar Rao)
• Best Actress: Yami Gautam (for the film 'Article 370')
• Best Actor (Jointly): Kartik Aaryan (for the film 'Chandu Champion'), Mammootty (for the film 'Bramayugam' – Malayalam)
• Best Popular Film: 'Kalki 2898 AD'
• Best Debut Film of a Director: Randeep Hooda (for the film 'Swatantrya Veer Savarkar')
• Best Supporting Actor: Sanjay Mishra (for the film 'Bhakshak')
• Best Non-Feature Film: 'Bhangar' (Director: Sumira Roy)

• Developer: Hyderabad-based space technology startup 'Skyroot Aerospace'
• Propulsion: It is an advanced four-stage rocket; the first three stages use 'Kalam' solid-fuel engines, while the fourth and final stage uses the 'Raman' liquid-fuel engine. It is fully capable of placing payloads/satellites into Low Earth Orbit (LEO).
• 3D-Printed Engine: Its fourth stage utilizes the 'Raman-I' liquid propulsion engine, which is manufactured entirely using 3D-printing technology.

Key Payloads of 'Mission Aagman':

• SCOPE Satellite: Skyroot's own satellite
• SOLARAS S3: A satellite from Grahaa Space
• With this, India has also acquired the capability to place payloads into space through a private sector company, Skyroot Aerospace.
• India has become the third country in the world to achieve this feat.
• Vikram-1 was developed and launched by Skyroot Aerospace itself.
• Only the launchpad belonged to ISRO.
• Skyroot Aerospace was founded in 2018 by two friends, Pawan Kumar Chandana and Naga Bharath Daka.
• Skyroot had previously launched the 'Vikram-S' sub-orbital rocket in 2022, which reached an altitude of 89.5 km. Vikram-1 has now reached a circular Low Earth Orbit (LEO) at an altitude of 450 km.
• Orbital Rocket: A rocket is classified as an orbital rocket when it attains the speed necessary to continuously orbit the Earth. This speed is approximately 28,000 km/h or 7.8 km/s.
• Sub-orbital Rocket: A rocket is termed a sub-orbital rocket if it travels to the edge of space and then returns. Space is generally considered to begin at an altitude of 100 km.

• Location and Distance: It is a star system within our Milky Way galaxy, located approximately 63 light-years away from Earth.
• Young Star System: The star is only 23 million years old. Being very young, it is considered a 'living laboratory' for studying the origin and early evolution of planets.
• Other Planets: Two massive exoplanets—Beta Pictoris b and Beta Pictoris c—had already been discovered in this system. Beta Pictoris d is the third known massive planet in this system.
• Organizations: NASA (US space agency) and the European Southern Observatory (ESO).
• Orbit: Beta Pictoris d orbits its star at a distance of approximately 30 Astronomical Units (AU). This distance is similar to the orbit of Neptune in our solar system.
• Third Planet in the System: 'Beta Pictoris' is a young star system (approximately 23 million years old). Two other planets—Beta Pictoris b and Beta Pictoris c—had already been discovered in this system. It has become the second system in the universe where three planets have been directly imaged.

• Country of Origin: He hailed from Barbados and represented the West Indies cricket team.
• Nickname: He was also known in the sporting world as 'Sir Garry' Sobers.
• National Hero: He was one of only two living 'National Heroes' of Barbados (the other being the famous singer Rihanna).
• Knighthood: He was awarded a knighthood (the title of 'Sir') by Queen Elizabeth II in 1975 for his unparalleled contribution to cricket.
• 6 Sixes in an Over: He became the first batsman in the world to hit six consecutive sixes in a single over in first-class cricket. He achieved this feat in 1968 while playing for Nottinghamshire against Glamorgan bowler Malcolm Nash.

• Prime Ministership: Andy Burnham will be sworn in as Britain's 59th Prime Minister on July 20, 2026.
• Political Party: He has been elected as the leader of Britain's ruling Labour Party.
• Previous Position: Before becoming Prime Minister, Burnham was serving as the Mayor of Greater Manchester.
• Parliamentary Constituency: He recently returned to Parliament after winning a by-election from the Makerfield constituency in Northern England.
• Uncontested Election: He was elected leader unopposed after securing the support of 379 out of the 403 Labour MPs in the House of Commons.
• Predecessor: He will succeed Keir Starmer, who recently resigned from the post.

Britain (United Kingdom):

• Official Name: United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
• Capital: London
• Major Cities: London, Manchester, Birmingham, Glasgow, Liverpool
• Currency: Pound Sterling (£) - GBP
• Head of State: King Charles III
• Parliament: Bicameral – House of Commons and House of Lords
• Continent: Europe
• Famous Rivers: Thames, Severn

• Winner (Bronze Medal): England (6 goals)
• Runner-up (Fourth Place): France (4 goals)
• Match Venue: Hard Rock Stadium, Miami, Florida (USA)
• Match Date: July 18, 2026
• England's Key Scorers: Bukayo Saka (hat-trick – 3 goals), Declan Rice, Ezri Konsa, and Jude Bellingham
• France's Key Scorers: Kylian Mbappé (2 goals), Bradley Barcola, and Ousmane Dembélé
• A total of 10 goals were scored in this match, the highest number of goals ever recorded in a World Cup third-place play-off.
• Bukayo Saka delivered a brilliant performance, scoring a hat-trick.
• France's Kylian Mbappé scored two goals in the second half. With this, he surpassed Lionel Messi's record of 21 goals by scoring a total of 22 goals in the World Cup.
• Mbappé took the lead in the race for the Golden Boot with 10 goals in this tournament.

FIFA:

• Full Name: Fédération Internationale de Football Association
• Founded: May 21, 1904 (in Paris, France)
• Headquarters: Zurich, Switzerland
• Current President: Gianni Infantino
• Regional Associations: 6 regional continental confederations
• AFC - Asian Football Confederation (India is a member)
• UEFA - Union of European Football Associations
• CONMEBOL - South American Football Confederation
• CAF - Confederation of African Football
• CONCACAF - Confederation of North, Central American and Caribbean Association Football
• OFC - Oceania Football Confederation
• Major tournaments organized by FIFA:
• FIFA Men's World Cup: This is the biggest football event, held every 4 years. The first World Cup was played in Uruguay in 1930.
• FIFA Women's World Cup: It began in 1991.

India and FIFA:

• All India Football Federation (AIFF): The AIFF governs football in India. It was established in 1937.
• FIFA Membership: India (AIFF) received official FIFA membership in 1948.
• Historic Moments: India successfully hosted the FIFA U-17 Men's World Cup in 2017 and the FIFA U-17 Women's World Cup in 2022.

• Winning Athlete: Kajal Dhochak
• Opponent (Runner-up): Diamond Precious Guilford (USA)
• Weight Category: 76 kg Freestyle
• Competition Name: Budapest Ranking Series 2026 / 4th UWW Ranking Series
• Venue: Budapest, Hungary
• Match Result: The final match ended in a 3-3 tie, but Kajal was declared the winner based on 'criteria' (higher-scoring moves as per the rules).
• Previous Record: Kajal is also the reigning Under-20 (U20) World Champion.

• Mascot: The official mascot of this championship is 'Peacko', inspired by India's national bird, the peacock (Indian Peafowl). Its skirt is designed in the shape of a badminton shuttlecock.
• Host Country and City: India (New Delhi) is hosting this competition. All matches will be played at the Indraprastha (Indira Gandhi) Indoor Stadium in New Delhi.
• Event Dates: The tournament will be held from August 17 to August 23, 2026.
• Historical Significance: India is hosting the Badminton World Championships after 17 years (India previously hosted the event in Hyderabad in 2009).
• Official Anthem (Song): The launched official song features India's 16-member squad, including P.V. Sindhu, Lakshya Sen, Satwiksairaj Rankireddy, and Chirag Shetty.
• Key Dignitaries Present: Dr. Himanta Biswa Sarma, President of the Badminton Association of India (BAI) and Chief Minister of Assam, along with Chief National Coach Pullela Gopichand, were present at the unveiling ceremony.
• BWF (Badminton World Federation): It was established in 1934. Its headquarters is located in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
• BAI (Badminton Association of India): The Badminton Association of India was established in 1934. Its current president is Himanta Biswa Sarma.

• First Phase (July 19, 1969): 14 major private commercial banks were nationalized under the leadership of the then Prime Minister Indira Gandhi. These banks held approximately 70% to 85% of the country's total deposits.
• Second Phase (April 15, 1980): The government nationalized 6 more private banks (those with deposits exceeding ₹200 crore).
• Name of Ordinance: Nationalization was carried out via the 'Banking Companies (Acquisition and Transfer of Undertakings) Ordinance, 1969'.
• Deposit Limit (Criteria): Only those banks with deposits of ₹50 crore or more were nationalized.
• Objective: To take banking services out of the clutches of big industrialists and extend them to rural areas, the agricultural sector (to boost the Green Revolution), and small-scale industries.
• History of SBI: Prior to this, in 1955, the Imperial Bank of India was nationalized and renamed the State Bank of India (SBI).
• Nationalization of RBI: The Reserve Bank of India (RBI) was nationalized on January 1, 1949.
• Current Status (2026): Following mergers and reforms, only 12 public sector banks are currently active in India.
• 14 major banks nationalized in the first phase (1969): Central Bank of India, Bank of India, Punjab National Bank, Bank of Baroda, Canara Bank, United Bank of India, Dena Bank, Syndicate Bank, UCO Bank, Union Bank of India, Allahabad Bank, Indian Bank, Indian Overseas Bank, Bank of Maharashtra.