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GK Update

Mon 06 Jul, 2026

NATIONAL NEWS

5th Foundation Day Ceremony of the Ministry of Cooperation

  • The 5th Foundation Day of the Ministry of Cooperation was celebrated on 6 July 2026 at Bharat Mandapam, New Delhi, where Union Home and Cooperation Minister Amit Shah inaugurated several transformative projects and digital initiatives related to agricultural credit, dairy, and infrastructure.

25,000 crore rupees assistance to states under VB-G RAM G Act

  • Union Minister of Rural Development Shivraj Singh Chouhan released the first instalment (Mother Sanction) of over 25,000 crore rupees to the states under Viksit Bharat – Guarantee for Rozgar and Ajeevika Mission (Gramin), VB-G RAM G Act, 2025.
  • The funds were cleared to ensure states maintain enough liquidity to pay worker wages within the statutory 15-day time limit.

VB-G RAM G Act, 2025

  • The VB-G RAM G Act, 2025 stands for Viksit Bharat – Guarantee for Rozgar and Ajeevika Mission (Gramin) Act, 2025.
  • Passed by the Parliament in December 2025, it officially came into force on 1 July 2026, completely replacing the two-decade-old MGNREGA, 2005.
  • Employment Days: The annual guaranteed wage employment per rural household increases from 100 days to 125 days.
  • Philosophy: Shifts from basic income/unskilled wage deployment to linking employment with durable rural infrastructure and livelihood generation.
  • Planning Model: Moves from a bottom-up, demand-driven model (where states set labor budgets) to a top-down Normative Resource Allocation system, where the Centre determines state funding using objective parameters.

STATE SPECIAL NEWS

Scholarship Scheme in Punjab

  • The Punjab Government launched the Post-Matric Scholarship Scheme for Scheduled Caste (SC) students for the 2026–27 academic session, with applications being accepted through the National Scholarship Portal (NSP).

Punjab

  • Capital: Chandigarh
  • Lok Sabha: 13 seats
  • Governor: Gulab Chand Kataria
  • Chief Minister: Bhagwant Mann
  • Name Origin: Persian for "Land of Five Rivers" (Panj-Ab)
  • Major Rivers: Sutlej, Beas, Ravi, Chenab, Jhelum
  • Nickname: "Breadbasket of India"
  • Established: November 1, 1966
  • Dance: Bhangra, Gidda
  • Religion: Birthplace of Sikhism, home to the Golden Temple (Harmandir Sahib) in Amritsar

INTERNATIONAL NEWS

9,909 Indian World War I Soldiers recognised by CWGC

  • Commonwealth War Graves Commission (CWGC) added 9,909 previously uncommemorated British Indian Army servicemen from World War I to its official casualty database.
  • Most of these soldiers died of injuries or illnesses away from the operational front lines.

World War I (1914–1918)

The war was fought between two major coalition forces:

  • Allied Powers (Triple Entente): Initially comprised France, Russia, and the United Kingdom, later joined by Italy (1915), Japan (1914), and the United States (1917).
  • Central Powers (Triple Alliance): Comprised Germany, Austria-Hungary, the Ottoman Empire, and Bulgaria.

Root and Immediate Causes

M – Militarism: Intense arms race, particularly the naval rivalry between Germany and Britain.

A – Alliances: Secret defensive treaties (e.g., Triple Entente vs. Triple Alliance) that dragged multiple nations into a local conflict.

I – Imperialism: Brutal competition for colonies and markets in Africa and Asia (e.g., Moroccan Crises).

N – Nationalism: Intense ethnic pride, particularly Pan-Slavism in the Balkan region ("The Powder Keg of Europe").

Immediate Cause: The assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand (heir to the Austro-Hungarian throne) and his wife Sophie by Serbian nationalist Gavrilo Princip in Sarajevo on June 28, 1914.

Major Battles:

  • Battle of the Marne (1914): Halted the German advance into France.
  • Battle of Gallipoli (1915): A disastrous Allied campaign against the Ottoman Empire.
  • Battle of Verdun (1916): The longest battle of the war, resulting in massive casualties.
  • Battle of the Somme (1916): Notable for the first use of tanks (by the British).

The war officially concluded with the Paris Peace Conference (1919).

Funeral ceremonies of Iran’s former Supreme Leader

  • The Embassy of Iran in India expressed gratitude to the Government of India and its people for participating in the funeral ceremonies of former Iranian Supreme Leader Ayatollah Seyyed Ali Khamenei, saying the gesture reflected the deep historical, cultural, and human bonds between the two countries.

IRAN

  • Capital: Tehran
  • Head of State: Supreme Leader (holds ultimate constitutional power)
  • Parliamentary Body: Majlis (Islamic Consultative Assembly)
  • Supreme Leader: Mojtaba Khamenei
  • President: Masoud Pezeshkian
  • Speaker of the Assembly: Mohammad Bagher Ghalibaf
  • Currency: Iranian rial
  • Land Borders (7 Countries): Armenia, Azerbaijan, and Turkmenistan to the north; Afghanistan and Pakistan to the east; Iraq and Turkey to the west.
  • Maritime Borders: North: Caspian Sea (shares this with Russia, Kazakhstan, Turkmenistan, and Azerbaijan) and Persian Gulf and the Gulf of Oman in South
  • Mountain Ranges: Alborz Mountains (Mount Damavand) and Zagros Mountains
  • Deserts: Dasht-e Kavir (Great Salt Desert) and Dasht-e Lut

UNCTAD’s 9th session of Intergovernmental Group of Experts on Consumer Protection

  • India chaired the 9th Session of the Intergovernmental Group of Experts on Consumer Protection Law and Policy in Geneva, Switzerland.
  • The three-day session was organised by the United Nations Trade and Development (UNCTAD)

UN Trade and Development (UNCTAD)

  • Established by the United Nations General Assembly in 1964
  • Headquarters: Geneva, Switzerland
  • Member states: 195
  • Secretary-General: Rebeca Grynspan

UN’s Global Dialogue on AI Governance

  • Minister of State for External Affairs Kirti Vardhan Singh led the Indian delegation to Geneva, Switzerland, for the inaugural United Nations’ Global Dialogue on AI Governance.

North Korea’s 5,000-ton warship Kang Kon

  • North Korean leader Kim Jong Un personally supervised a comprehensive live-fire weapons test aboard the newly repaired 5,000-ton multipurpose destroyer, the Kang Kon.

United States marks 250th anniversary of independence

  • The United States celebrated its 250th anniversary of independence (the Semiquincentennial) on July 4, 2026, with massive nationwide festivities, historic military tributes, and record-breaking fireworks displays.
  • Known officially as the America250 or "Freedom250" initiative, the milestone marked a quarter-millennium since the adoption of the Declaration of Independence in 1776.

USA

  • Capital: Washington, D.C.
  • Continent: North America
  • Official Language: No official language at the federal level (English widely used)
  • Government Type: Federal Presidential Constitutional Republic
  • President: Donald Trump
  • Vice President: JD Vance
  • Legislature: Congress
  • Parliament Type: Bicameral Legislature
  • Upper House: Senate
  • Lower House: House of Representatives
  • Independence: 4 July 1776
  • Constitution Adopted: 17 September 1787
  • National Anthem: The Star-Spangled Banner
  • National Animal: Bald Eagle
  • Number of States: 50 States
  • Largest State (Area): Alaska
  • Alaska was purchased from Russia in 1867.
  • Smallest State: Rhode Island
  • First President: George Washington
  • Border Lines: The 49th Parallel forms the straight mathematical land border between the USA and Canada.
  • Lakes: Superior, Michigan, Huron, Erie, Ontario, Lake Michigan
  • Major Rivers: The Mississippi River, Missouri, Colorado, and Rio Grande
  • Mountain Ranges: Appalachians (East), Rockies (West)
  • Highest & Lowest Points: Mount Denali (formerly Mt. McKinley) in Alaska is the highest peak in North America; Death Valley in California is the lowest and hottest point.
  • International Organizations: The headquarters of major global institutions like the United Nations (UN), the World Bank Group, and the International Monetary Fund (IMF) are located in New York and Washington, D.C.
  • The Pentagon is the headquarters of the U.S. Department of Defense.
  • The Statue of Liberty was gifted by France in 1886.
  • The USA became independent through the American Revolution (1775–1783).
  • Washington, D.C. is not a state; it is a federal district.

SUMMITS AND CONFERNCES

BRICS Women Working Group Meeting

  • India hosted the two-day BRICS Women Working Group Meeting under its BRICS Chairship, in Kochi, Keralam.

BRICS

  • An intergovernmental organization of major emerging economies that serves as a leading platform for South-South cooperation.
  • Coined by: The term "BRIC" was originally coined in 2001 by Goldman Sachs economist Jim O'Neill
  • Formalization: The grouping was formalized in September 2006 during the UN General Assembly in New York
  • First Summit: The first official BRIC Summit was held in Yekaterinburg, Russia, in 2009.
  • Original Members: Brazil, Russia, India, China (joined 2006) and South Africa (joined 2010).
  • Recent Joiners (2024-2025): Egypt, Ethiopia, Iran, and the United Arab Emirates (UAE) became full members on January 1, 2024. Indonesia officially joined as a full member on January 6, 2025.
  • Partnership Status: In 2024, a new "partner country" category was created. Current partners include Belarus, Bolivia, Cuba, Kazakhstan, Malaysia, Nigeria, Thailand, Uganda, Uzbekistan, and Vietnam.
  • 2025 Presidency: Brazil held the chairmanship with the theme "Strengthening Global South Cooperation for More Inclusive and Sustainable Governance".
  • 2026 Presidency: India assumed the BRICS Chairmanship on January 1, 2026. India is hosting the 18th BRICS Summit.

New Development Bank (NDB)

  • Headquarters: Shanghai, China.
  • Objective: Mobilizing resources for infrastructure and sustainable development projects in BRICS and other emerging economies.
  • Contingent Reserve Arrangement (CRA): A framework created to provide mutual support against short-term balance of payments pressures.

BRICS Heads of Anti-Drug Agencies Meet

  • India hosted two-day BRICS Heads of Anti-Drug Agencies Meeting in Guwahati, Assam which was Organized by the Narcotics Control Bureau (NCB), the summit brings together senior officials from the 11-member BRICS grouping to shift cooperation from dialogue to action-oriented, transnational collaboration.

ICMR-MINDS won Gold at National Awards for e-Governance

  • The Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR)'s flagship initiative, ICMR-MINDS, a National Health Research Priority project won Gold at National Awards for e-Governance 2026.

ECONOMY & BANKING

Defence manufacturing plant in Shivpuri

  • Union Minister Jyotiraditya Scindia and Madhya Pradesh Chief Minister Dr Mohan Yadav laid the foundation stone of a defence manufacturing plant in Shivpuri.
  • The plant will be built by the Adani Group with an investment of around 2,500 crore rupees.

PERSON IN NEWS

Teejan Bai

  • Legendary Pandavani folk singer and Padma Vibhushan recipient Teejan Bai passed away at the at the age of 70.
  • she was celebrated globally for elevating the epic Mahabharata into an internationally acclaimed art form.

125th birth anniversary of C P Radhakrishnan

  • The 125th birth anniversary of Dr. Syama Prasad Mookerjee, celebrated nationwide on July 6, commemorates the visionary founder of the Bharatiya Jana Sangh.
  • This also marks the culmination of the inaugural year of a two-year official nationwide commemoration (spanning from 6 July 2025 to 6 July 2027) organized by the Government of India's Ministry of Culture.

ENVIRONMENT + SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY

New solid motor-based SOLVE

  • The Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) has successfully carried out the first ground test of the solid motor-based Sub-Orbital Launch Vehicle for Experiments (SOLVE) at its Static Test Facility at the Satish Dhawan Space Centre in Sriharikota.
  • This motor is explicitly designed to serve as a testbed for validating the crew module's parachute deceleration system for the Gaganyaan human spaceflight mission.

Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO)

  • Founded: 15 August 1969
  • Founder: Dr. Vikram Sarabhai
  • Headquarters: Bengaluru, Karnataka
  • First satellite Aryabhatta launched: 1975
  • Indigenous satellite Rohini (RS-1) launched from India's SLV-3 rocket: 1980
  • First lunar mission Chandrayaan-1 launched: 2008
  • Mangalyaan (MOM): 2013
  • Chandrayaan-2 mission launched: 2019
  • 2023: Chandrayaan-3 successfully landed on the south pole of the Moon
  • Sun mission: Aditya-L1 (2023), sent to Lagrange Point-1 (L1) of the Sun

Earth-Like Exoplanet GJ 3378b

  • Astronomers have published a revised analysis confirming that the nearby exoplanet GJ 3378b is significantly more Earth-like and potentially habitable than previously estimated.
  • Located just 25 light-years away in the constellation Camelopardalis, this "super-Earth" orbits within the circumstellar habitable zone of its host red dwarf star, Gliese 3378. The new data indicates the planet is lighter and more temperate, elevating it to one of the most compelling targets for future atmospheric and biosignature reconnaissance.

DEFENCE NEWS

INS Sudarshini

 

  • The Indian Naval Sail Training Ship INS Sudarshini sailed into New York Port to represent India at the United States International Naval Review 250 and Sail 4th 250 celebrations.

INS Udaygiri, Shakti & Kavaratti concluded port call

 

  • Indian Naval Ships Udaygiri, Shakti and Kavaratti of the Eastern Fleet have concluded their port call at Changi Naval Base in Singapore as part of the Indian Navy’s operational deployment.
  • The deployment was aligned with the ASEAN-India Year of Maritime Cooperation and the Government of India’s Act East Policy.

Sarhad Shauryathon 2026

 

  • The Sarhad Shauryathon 2026 (Kargil International Marathon) successfully took place on at the iconic Kargil War Memorial in Drass, Ladakh.

SPORTS

ICC Women's T20 World Cup

 

  • Australia clinched their record-extending seventh ICC Women's T20 World Cup title by defeating hosts England by seven wickets in the final at Lord's in London.
  • Beth Mooney was named both Player of the Match and Player of the Series for her consistent brilliance throughout the tournament, culminating in her match-winning 64.

Neymar Jr. announces retirement

  • Brazil’s veteran player Neymar Jr. has announced his retirement from international football after the five-time world champions suffered a stunning 2-1 defeat against Norway in the FIFA World Cup.

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