• First Meeting: 1975, France
• Canada Joined: 1976
• Russia Expelled: 2014
• Current Members: Canada, France, Italy, Germany, Japan, United Kingdom, and the United States
• Headquarters: No permanent headquarters
• The Journey from G7 to G8: From 1997 to 2013, the group was known as the G8 due to Russia's inclusion; however, Russia was expelled in 2014 following the annexation of Crimea.

• The Ministry of Railways stated that the aim of these projects is to strengthen the railway network through advanced fiber communication systems and improved safety mechanisms.
• Two major projects have been approved for the establishment of a robust dual-fiber communication network across all five divisions of Central Railway, at a cost exceeding ₹600 crore.
• The indigenously developed 'Kavach 4.0' will be implemented on 548 kilometers of busy routes across Tamil Nadu, Kerala, and Karnataka, at a cost of over ₹300 crore.
• Additionally, the construction of an optical fiber communication network in the Rajkot and Bhavnagar divisions of Gujarat will be completed at a cost exceeding ₹300 crore.

'Kavach':

• It is India's indigenous, state-of-the-art Automatic Train Protection (ATP) system, developed by the RDSO.
• Objective: To prevent collisions between trains (Collision Avoidance System) and to minimize human error in signaling.
• Technology: It operates based on a combination of High-Speed ​​Radio Frequency (RFID) and Optical Fiber Cables (OFC).
• It is an SIL-4 certified system that automatically applies brakes to prevent Signal Passing at Danger (SPAD)—i.e., passing a red signal—and head-on collisions.

• Original 2015 NDC: Set targets to reduce the emissions intensity of GDP by 33–35% by 2030 and to achieve 40% of electricity generation capacity from non-fossil fuel sources.
• Early Success: Both targets were achieved ahead of schedule—the emissions intensity target 11 years early, and the electricity capacity target 9 years early.
• Emissions Intensity: A 36% reduction was achieved between 2005 and 2020. The new target is now a 47% reduction by 2035.
• Non-Fossil Energy: 52.57% of capacity was achieved by February 2026 (5 years ahead of the target). The new target is now 60% by 2035.
• Carbon Sink: By 2021, a carbon sink equivalent to 2.29 billion tonnes of CO2 had been created through forests and tree cover.

• Objective of this collaboration: To strengthen multilingual digital capabilities within the pension sector through integration with India's national language digital public infrastructure—the Bhashini platform.
• This agreement will enable the utilization of translation tools, multilingual Artificial Intelligence (AI) models, and voice-based technologies within PFRDA systems.
• Bhashini:
• Full Name: Language Interface for India
• Launch: 2022 (under the Digital India initiative)
• Objective: To provide citizens across the country with easy access to digital services and information in their own languages.
• Key Functions:
• Automated translation between languages
• Speech-to-Text and Text-to-Speech services
• Coverage: Covers 22 Scheduled Indian languages

• Key Feature: 'Agnite' is a single-piece 3D-printed booster engine that utilizes electric motor-driven pumps.
• Revolutionizing Production: In contrast to traditional engines—which take months to build—this engine was completed in just 7 days, thereby significantly accelerating the manufacturing process.
• Testing and Capability: The test was conducted at the company's in-house facility in Chennai. This engine is capable of carrying payloads weighing between 100 and 300 kilograms into Low Earth Orbit (LEO).
• Technical Specifications: It is constructed from 'Inconel' (a superalloy comprising nickel, chromium, and iron), a material capable of withstanding extremely high temperatures.
• Significance: This achievement is pivotal for the 'Agnibaan' launch vehicle, which is designed to enable on-demand satellite launches.

• Main Objective of the Collaboration: To strengthen the startup ecosystem in India and, specifically, to foster innovation in sectors such as digital entertainment, online gaming, and AI.
• Key Focus Areas: Startups working in the fields of gaming, e-sports, interactive media, digital content, and Artificial Intelligence (AI)-based technologies.
• Prior to this, on March 24, 2026, the DPIIT had signed an MoU with an air conditioning company.
• The objective of this collaboration is to promote the growth of product-based startups operating in areas such as HVAC technologies, digital solutions, advanced manufacturing processes, and supply chain innovation.
• Under this collaboration, the DPIIT, in conjunction with Blue Star Limited, will explore the feasibility of organizing innovation challenges as part of the 'India Startup Grand Challenge,' and will also conduct targeted hackathons focused on the HVAC, digital technology, and manufacturing sectors.
• The agreement was signed by Mr. T.L.K. Singh, Deputy Secretary at the DPIIT, and Mr. B. Thiagarajan, Managing Director of Blue Star Limited.

• In this ranking, Swiss President Guy Parmelin and South Korean President Lee Jae-myung share the second spot, with both receiving an approval rating of 62 percent.
• The leaders of the Czech Republic and Argentina received approval ratings of 57 percent and 56 percent, respectively.
• US President Donald Trump received an approval rating of 39 percent and failed to make it into the top ten.
• British Prime Minister Keir Starmer received an approval rating of 24 percent.
• French President Emmanuel Macron ranked near the very bottom of the list with 17 percent.

• Objective: To conduct surveillance and strikes from a safe distance (stand-off range) without penetrating enemy territory.
• Capability: This drone has a strike range of over 80 kilometers and can remain airborne for approximately 30 minutes.
• Technology: It is equipped with electro-optical and infrared sensors capable of operating both day and night. It can also function effectively in GPS-denied environments.
• Launch: It is deployed by being dropped directly into the air from a flying helicopter, after which its wings unfold, and it proceeds toward its designated target.
• Payload: It is capable of carrying a payload (explosives) ranging from 500 grams to 1000 grams.
• Process: The Indian Air Force's Regional Aerospace Innovation Division-Gandhinagar (RAID-GN) has issued a Request for Proposal (RFP) for 10 drones, a ground control station, and associated equipment.
• Initiator: This project is being spearheaded by the Indian Air Force's Directorate of Aerospace Design (DAD).
• It is capable of operating at altitudes ranging from 150 feet to 8,000 feet.