• Constitutional Basis: A bench comprising Justice J.B. Pardiwala and Justice R. Mahadevan observed that this discrimination constitutes a violation of Article 14 (Right to Equality) and Article 21 (Right to Life and Personal Liberty) of the Constitution.
• Broad Interpretation of Maternity: The Court clarified that maternity is not confined solely to the biological process. Adoption, too, constitutes a facet of 'reproductive autonomy,' and the responsibilities of an adoptive mother are identical to those of a biological mother.

Supreme Court:

• Newly Appointed Chairperson: Sadhvi Niranjan Jyoti succeeds Hansraj Gangaram Ahir, whose tenure concluded in December 2025.
• Experience: She has served as the Minister of State in the Ministries of Rural Development, Food Processing Industries, and Consumer Affairs during both the first and second terms of the Narendra Modi government.
• Constitutional Status: The NCBC was accorded constitutional status through the 102nd Constitutional Amendment Act, 2018.
• Article: Its composition and powers are outlined in Article 338B of the Constitution of India.
• Composition: The Commission consists of a Chairperson, a Vice-Chairperson, and three other members.
• Appointment: All these members are appointed by the President of India by warrant under his hand and seal.

• Location: Srikakulam District, North Coastal Andhra Pradesh
• Objective: To boost trade and logistics, and to accelerate industrial development in the region
• Land Transfer: Transfer of 385.24 acres of salt land
• Connectivity: Will facilitate the development of road and rail linkages to connect the port with NH-16 (Howrah-Chennai Corridor)
• Employment: The project is expected to generate direct and indirect employment for approximately 25,000 people
• Significance: This project is part of the coordination between the Centre and the State (a "Double Engine Government" initiative), which is crucial for the industrial development of Andhra Pradesh

Andhra Pradesh:

• Formation Day: November 1st
• It was bifurcated in 2014 to create the state of Telangana
• The first state in India to be formed on a linguistic basis
• National Parks: Papikonda, Rajiv Gandhi (Rameswaram), Sri Venkateswara

• Target and Coverage: A total of 1,460 “Surabhi Gaudham” will be established in a phased manner across 10 villages in each development block of the state.
• First Phase: In the initial phase, 29 Gaudhams in 11 districts were virtually inaugurated.
• Financial Assistance: Under the scheme, graded financial support will be provided for fodder and nutrition (₹10 in the first year, ₹20 in the second year, ₹30 in the third year, and ₹35 per animal per day from the fourth year onwards).
• Operation: The Gaudhams will be managed by registered Gaushala committees, non-governmental organizations (NGOs), trusts, and Farmer Producer Companies (FPCs).
• Staff Honorarium: A monthly honorarium of ₹10,916 for shepherds and ₹13,126 for cow caretakers has been निर्धारित.
• Cow Sanctuary: The state’s first large cow sanctuary is also proposed on 184 acres in Kota development block of Bilaspur.

• Stamping Information: Each egg will be marked with 'P' (Production) to indicate the production date and 'E' (Expiry) to indicate the expiry date.
• Ink Color: Pink ink will be used for regular eggs, while blue ink will be used for eggs stored in cold storage facilities.
• Safe Shelf Life: Eggs are considered safe for consumption for up to two weeks at normal room temperature and up to five weeks when stored in a refrigerator.
• Objective: To ensure that consumers have access to fresh eggs and to prevent illnesses caused by the consumption of stale or spoiled eggs.

• Financial Assistance and Subsidies: The government is providing a grant (subsidy) of up to 50% on pearl production projects. A provision has been made for a maximum subsidy of up to ₹5 lakh per unit.
• Budgetary Allocation: The Government of Uttar Pradesh has allocated specific funds in its 2026-27 budget for this modern model of pearl cultivation and fisheries.
• Income Enhancement: Through this technique, farmers can generate an income that is 4 to 5 times their initial investment within a cycle of approximately 18 months.
• Training and Technical Support: The Department of Fisheries will provide beneficiaries with specialized training and technical assistance on the process of cultivating pearls from oysters.

• It is also known as the 'Emerald Isle'.
• It is located in Northwestern Europe.
• To the east, it is separated from Great Britain by the Irish Sea.
• Its only land border is shared with Northern Ireland (part of the United Kingdom).
• Longest River: Shannon
• Highest Point: Carrauntoohil
• Capital: Dublin
• Currency: Euro (€)
• Certain provisions of the Indian Constitution (such as the Directive Principles of State Policy) are inspired by the Constitution of Ireland.

• Capital: Moscow
• Currency: Ruble
• Continent: Europe + Asia
• Global Standing: Largest country by area

• Borders: Shares borders with 14 countries (the highest number)
• Longest River: Volga
• Deepest Lake: Lake Baikal
• Highest Peak: Mount Elbrus
• Climate: Extremely Cold

• Organizer: This festival is being organized by the Tribal Cooperative Marketing Development Federation of India (TRIFED) under the aegis of the Ministry of Tribal Affairs.
• Venue: This 13-day festival is being held at Sunder Nursery in New Delhi.
• Objective: Its primary objective is to showcase the diversity, creativity, and entrepreneurial spirit of India's tribal communities.

• Venue: March 2026 (Andersen Air Force Base, Guam)
• Participating Countries: USA, India, Japan, Australia, and South Korea
• Key Focus: Anti-Submarine Warfare (ASW)
• Indian Participation: The Indian Navy participated with its advanced P-8I maritime patrol and reconnaissance aircraft.

• Establishment: April 1, 1935, under the Reserve Bank of India Act, 1934
• Nationalization: 1949
• First Governor: Sir Osborne Smith (1935–1937)
• First Indian Governor: C. D. Deshmukh (1943–1949)
• Headquarters: Mumbai, Maharashtra