NABH is the apex body in India responsible for setting and monitoring quality standards in the healthcare sector.

• Establishment: Founded in 2005, with the first accreditation program launched in 2006.
• Headquarters: New Delhi, India.
• Legal Status: An autonomous body.
• International Recognition: Accredited by ISQua (International Society for Quality in Health Care).

• Official Name: National Capital Territory of Delhi (NCT of Delhi).
• Constitutional Status: Special Union Territory under Article 239AA (inserted by the 69th Constitutional Amendment Act, 1991).
• Administration: It has a legislative assembly and a council of ministers headed by a Chief Minister. However, Public Order, Police, and Land are under the jurisdiction of the Union Government (administered through the Lieutenant Governor).
• Districts: 11 districts.
• Legislature: Unicameral (70 Assembly seats).
• Parliamentary Representation: 7 Lok Sabha seats and 3 Rajya Sabha seats.
• Seismic Zone: Falls under Seismic Zone-IV (high vulnerability to earthquakes).
• Biodiversity: The Asola Bhatti Wildlife Sanctuary is located in the Aravalli hills.
• Ancient: Legend holds it was the site of Indraprastha (Mahabharata era).
• Medieval: Ruled by Delhi Sultanate (Slave, Khilji, Tughlaq, Sayyid, Lodi dynasties) and Mughal Empire.
• Modern: Capital shifted from Calcutta to Delhi in 1911 by the British.
• Designers: Designed by Edwin Lutyens and Herbert Baker.
• Incorporation: Became a Union Territory in 1956.

• Capital: Itanagar (oldest town is Pasighat, est. 1911)
• Formation: Achieved statehood on February 20, 1987
• Previous Identity: Known as the North-East Frontier Agency (NEFA) until 1972, then a Union Territory from 1972–1987.
• Highest Peak: Kangto (approx. 7,090 metres)
• Environment & Biodiversity: Papum Reserve Forest and Pakke Wildlife Sanctuary are critical habitats, especially for Hornbills (Great, Wreathed, and Oriental Pied).
• National Parks: Namdapha National Park (known for four big cats: Tiger, Leopard, Clouded Leopard, and Snow Leopard) and Mouling National Park.
• Tiger Reserves: Namdapha, Pakke (Pakhui), and Kamlang
• Major Tribes: Monpa, Apatani, Nyishi, Adi, Mishmi
• Major Rivers: Siang (called Yarlung Tsangpo in Tibet, later becomes Brahmaputra), Subansiri, Lohit, Kameng, and Dibang.
• First Sunrise: Witnessed at Dong Village in the Anjaw district.

Important Passes:

• Sela Pass: Connects Tawang with West Kameng.
• Bomdila Pass: Gateway between Assam plains and Tawang.
• Diphu Pass: Strategic tri-junction of India, China, and Myanmar.

Art, Culture & Festivals

Tawang Monastery: The largest monastery in India and second-largest in the world.

• Major Festivals:
  • Losar: Monpa New Year.
  • Solung: Harvest festival of the Adi tribe.
  • Mopin: Celebrated by the Galo tribe for prosperity.
  • Nyokum: Agricultural festival of the Nyishi tribe.
  • Dree: Agricultural festival of the Apatani tribe in Ziro Valley.
• Dance Forms: Aji Lamu, Chalo, Popir, Ponung, and the Lion and Peacock Dance.

Historical Facts

• Ancient References: Mentioned in the Kalika Purana , Mahabharata, and Ramayana; believed to be the place where sage Parshuram washed away his sins at Parshuram Kund.
• McMahon Line: Established via the Simla Accord (1914) between British India and Tibet.

• Statehood: Formed on 21 January 1972 by carving out the United Khasi-Jaintia Hills and Garo Hills from Assam.
• Constitutional Status: Almost the entire state is governed under the Sixth Schedule of the Indian Constitution, providing autonomy through Autonomous District Councils (ADCs): Khasi, Jaintia, and Garo Hills.
• 2 Lok Sabha seats and 1 Rajya Sabha seat

Major Tribes: Khasi, Garo, and Jaintia (Pnar)

Wildlife Conservation:

• Nokrek National Park: A UNESCO Biosphere Reserve (famous for the Red Panda and citrus gene pool).
• Balpakram National Park: Known as the "land of spirits".
• Sacred Groves: Pockets of ancient forest like Mawphlang preserved by local religious beliefs.

Geographical

• Physical Division: Part of the Deccan Plateau (specifically the Shillong Plateau), separated from the main peninsula by the Malda Fault.
• Three Major Hill Ranges: Garo Hills (West), Khasi Hills (Central), and Jaintia Hills (East).
• Highest Point: Shillong Peak (1,965 m).
• Wettest Places: Mawsynram (highest annual rainfall globally) and Cherrapunji (Sohra).
• Key Rivers: Simsang (Someshwari), Ganol, Khasi/Jaintia Hills: Myntdu, Umngot (famous for crystal clear water at Dawki), and Umiam.

Unique Features:

• Living Root Bridges: Bio-engineered by Khasi and Jaintia tribes using Ficus elastica roots.
• Mawmluh Cave: Significant in global geology; it defines the "Meghalayan Age" (the current stage of the Holocene epoch).

• Establishment: 1954 (Bengaluru, Karnataka) under the Ministry of Defence.
• Status: Navratna Central Public Sector Enterprise (CPSE).

Major Products & Systems:

• Radars: Weapon Locating Radar (Swathi), Medium Power Radar (Arudhra), Fire Control Systems (Lynx-U2).
• Electronic Warfare: Project Himshakti (Integrated Electronic Warfare Systems).
• Defense Systems: Akashteer (Automated Air Defence Control & Reporting System).

NLC India Ltd. (NLCIL)

• Background: Incorporated in 1956.
• Ministry: Under the administrative control of the Ministry of Coal.
• Status: Navratna CPSE.
• Core Business: Mining and power generation. Operates open-cast lignite mines in Neyveli (Tamil Nadu) and Barsingsar (Rajasthan).

NALCO (National Aluminium Company Ltd.)

• Background: Founded on 7th January, 1981.
• Ministry: Under the Ministry of Mines.
• Status: Navratna CPSE (Schedule A).
• Operations: Integrated and diversified operations in mining (Bauxite), Metal (Aluminium), and Power.

• Union territory: since 31 October 2019
• Capitals: Leh and Kargil

• Lieutenant Governor: Kavinder Gupta
• Major Festivals: Hemis Festival celebrating Guru Padmasambhava, Dosmoche Festival in Leh, and Losar (Tibetan New Year), Saka Dawa

• Major Tribes: Balti, Beda, Bot (or Boto), Brokpa (Dard, Shin), Changpa, Garra, Mon, and Purigpa.
• Dance forms: Shondol, Cham dance, Jabro dance, Spao dance, Kompa Tsum-Tsag and Takshon