• Total Rabi area: 676.84 lakh hectares
• Wheat: Over 334.17 lakh hectares
• Pulses: Over 137.55 lakh hectares

• Oilseeds: Over 97 lakh hectares
• Coarse grains (Millets): 61 lakh hectares

• Budget Allocation: A provision of ₹10,000 crore has been made for this scheme for the next five years.
• Main Objective: Its primary goal is to make India a global manufacturing hub for the production of biologics and biosimilar drugs.
• Meaning of SHAKTI: Its full form is "Strategy for Healthcare Advancement through Knowledge, Technology, and Innovation".
• Three new National Institutes of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPERs) will be established, and seven existing institutions will be upgraded.

• Main Theme: "Advancing Social Development and Social Justice through Coordinated, Equitable and Inclusive Policies"
• Chairperson: Ambassador and Permanent Representative of Ukraine to the United Nations, Kristina Hayovyshyn
• India's Participation: The Indian delegation is being led by the Minister of State for Women and Child Development, Smt. Savitri Thakur. She shared India's principle of "Sabka Saath, Sabka Vikas" (Together with all, Development for all) and the vision of Developed India 2047 on the global platform.

United Nations:

• Establishment Date: 1945
• UN Day: October 24
• Headquarters: New York, United States of America (USA)
• Total Member States: 193
• Newest Member: South Sudan (2011)
• Principal Organs of the United Nations: 5

• India was previously subject to a total tariff of 50%, which included a 25% 'reciprocal tariff' and a 25% 'punitive tariff' imposed for buying oil from Russia. This has now been reduced to just 18%.
• According to President Trump, India has agreed to stop buying crude oil from Russia and instead import oil from the US or Venezuela.
• Both countries have set a target to increase bilateral trade to over $500 billion by 2030.

• Total project budget: $12 billion (approximately ₹1 lakh crore)
• Funding model: $10 billion loan from the US Export-Import Bank (EXIM Bank) and approximately $1.67 to $2 billion from the private sector.

• Co-chaired by: The Indian side was led by Secretary (West) in the Ministry of External Affairs, Siby George, and the Norwegian side was led by the Secretary General of the Norwegian Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Torgeir Larsen.
• Key Areas: Both countries reviewed bilateral relations and agreed to enhance cooperation in areas such as the blue economy, circular economy, renewable energy, artificial intelligence (AI), space, education, and the Arctic.

Norway :

• Capital: Oslo
• Official Name: Kingdom of Norway
• Continent: Europe
• Region: Northern Europe (Scandinavia)
• Currency: Norwegian Krone (NOK)
• Borders: Sweden, Finland, Russia
• Language: Norwegian (Bokmål and Nynorsk)
• Famous for its fjords, high mountains, and the Midnight Sun.
• Nobel Peace Prize: While the other Nobel Prizes are awarded in Stockholm (Sweden), the Nobel Peace Prize is uniquely awarded in Oslo, Norway.
• Norway has the "Allemannsretten" (Everyman's Right) law, which gives everyone the freedom to roam and camp anywhere in nature.

• Duration: The survey will last for one year (July 2026 to June 2027)
• Coverage: The survey will cover rural and urban areas across India (excluding some inaccessible areas of Andaman and Nicobar Islands)
• Significance: This survey will assist policymakers in formulating policies related to urban planning, housing, employment, and social security.
• Short-term migration: Individuals migrating for work for periods ranging from 15 days to 6 months will also be included.
• According to the Periodic Labour Force Survey (PLFS) 2020–21, the total migration rate in India was estimated at 28.9%.
• At the all-India level, the migration rate was 10.7% for men and 47.9% for women.
• Marriage (86.8%) was the primary reason for migration among women, while seeking employment or better employment opportunities (22.8%) was the main reason among men.

• YIL has successfully transformed from a government organization into a profit-making corporate entity in just 4 years.
• With this status, the YIL board can now incur capital expenditure of up to ₹500 crore for new projects and modernization without prior government approval.
• The company's sales increased from ₹956.32 crore in the second half of FY 2021-22 to ₹3,108.79 crore in FY 2024-25.
• During the same period, the company's exports increased from zero to ₹321.77 crore.
• Key Products: YIL primarily manufactures carbon fiber composites, ammunition assembly products, armored vehicle components, artillery guns, and components for Main Battle Tanks (MBTs).
• The Government of India grants Maharatna, Navratna, and Miniratna status to Central Public Sector Enterprises (CPSEs) to provide them with autonomy based on their financial performance, profitability, and investment capacity. Maharatna:
• Eligibility: Navratna status, listing on the Indian stock market, average turnover of ₹25,000 crore over the last 3 years, net worth of ₹15,000 crore, and net profit of ₹5,000 crore
• Autonomy: Freedom to invest up to ₹5,000 crore or 15% of total assets

Navratna:

• Eligibility: Miniratna Category-I status, excellent/very good performance in 3 out of the last 5 years
• Autonomy: Freedom to invest up to ₹1,000 crore

Miniratna Category-I:

• Eligibility: Profit for 3 consecutive years and pre-tax profit of ₹30 crore or more in one year (or consistent profits over the last 3 years)
• Autonomy: Capital expenditure of up to ₹500 crore or equal to its net worth (whichever is less)

Miniratna Category-II:

• Eligibility: Profitable for 3 consecutive years and positive net worth
• Autonomy: Investment of up to ₹300 crore or 50% of its net worth (whichever is less)

Yantra India Limited (YIL):

• Established: October 15, 2021
• Basis of Formation: After the restructuring of the Ordnance Factory Board (OFB)
• Nature: Defence sector CPSE of the Government of India
• Administrative Ministry: Ministry of Defence
• Headquarters: Nagpur, Maharashtra
• Includes 8 defence manufacturing factories

• Total Transaction Value: ₹28.33 lakh crore (an all-time high), representing a monthly increase of approximately 21% compared to ₹27.97 lakh crore in December 2025.
• Daily Average: In January, an average of 700 million transactions were processed daily, with an average value of approximately ₹91,400 crore.
• Growth Rate: A monthly growth of 21% in terms of value was recorded compared to December 2025 (₹27.97 lakh crore).
• In January 2026 alone, Indians conducted 21.7 billion UPI transactions worth ₹28.33 lakh crore – higher than in December and representing a robust 28 percent increase compared to the previous year.

• Mountain Range: Andes
• It is the highest peak in South America.
• Height: It is 6,961 meters (22,831 feet) above sea level.
• Location: It is located in the Andes mountain range in Mendoza Province, Argentina, near the border with Chile.
• Significance: It is the highest mountain in the world outside of Asia and is one of the 'Seven Summits' (the highest peaks of the seven continents).
• Volcanic Origin: It is an extinct volcano, but it is not currently active.
• Summit: It has two main summits—North and South—which are connected by a ridge (Cresta del Guanaco).
• First Ascent: The summit was first successfully climbed by Matthias Zurbriggen in 1897.
• The icy winds that blow here are called "White Wind".

• Key Research: In 1975, Ramanathan discovered that chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) absorb heat 10,000 times more effectively than carbon dioxide. He has also highlighted the 'Atmospheric Brown Cloud' (ABC) and its impact on global temperatures.
• Impact: His research has transformed the world's understanding of global warming and laid the foundation for crucial international environmental agreements such as the Montreal Protocol.
• Background: Born in Madurai (Tamil Nadu), Ramanathan is currently Professor Emeritus at the Scripps Institution of Oceanography in California, San Diego.
• Award Ceremony: The award will be presented by King Carl XVI Gustaf of Sweden during the 'Crafoord Days' held in Stockholm and Lund from May 18-20, 2026.

The Crafoord Prize:

• One of the world's most prestigious scientific honors.
• Often referred to as the "Nobel Prize" for fields not included in the Nobel categories.
• Established: In 1980 by Swedish industrialist Holger Crafoord and his wife Anna-Greta Crafoord.
• Awarded by: The Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences (the same institution that awards the Nobel Prizes in Physics and Chemistry).
• Prize Money: The prize money for 2026 has been set at 8 million Swedish Kronor (approximately $900,000).
• Awarding Time: Winners are announced in mid-January each year, and the award is presented by the King of Sweden during the 'Crafoord Days' in April or May.
• First Award: It was first awarded in 1982 in the field of mathematics.