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GK Update

Wed 28 Jan, 2026

NATIONAL NEWS

Budget Session of Parliament

  • The Budget Session of Parliament started with the address of President Droupadi Murmu to the joint sitting of both Houses.
  • The Budget Session of the Indian Parliament for 2026-27 officially commenced with President Droupadi Murmu delivering her customary address to a joint sitting of both Houses.
  • President Murmu addressed the joint sitting of the Lok Sabha and Rajya Sabha, outlining the government's broad priorities and legislative agenda.

Session Structure: The session will consist of 30 sittings over 65 days and will be held in two phases:

  • First Phase: January 28 to February 13.
  • Recess: February 14 to March 8, allowing Standing Committees to examine departmental demands for grants.
  • Second Phase: March 9 to April 2.

Minister-level policy dialogue on Jal Jeevan Mission

  • Department of Drinking Water and Sanitation (DDWS) under the Ministry of Jal Shakti organized a Minister-level Policy Dialogue in New Delhi focused on the long-term Sustainable Operation and Maintenance (O&M) of rural piped water supply systems under Jal Jeevan Mission.

Mazor Highlights

The dialogue featured the integration of e-GramSwaraj login with the JJM dashboard, allowing field-level functionaries to access technical drawings and asset data through a unified platform.

National Initiatives Launched: The event highlighted several frameworks for sustainability:

  • Jal Arpan: For formal handover of completed assets to Gram Panchayats.
  • Jal Utsav / Jal Mahotsav: An annual 15-day national campaign starting March 8 (International Women’s Day).
  • Jal Seva Aankalan: A self-assessment tool for Gram Panchayats to identify and resolve service delivery gaps.

Jal Jeevan Mission (JJM)

  • Launch Date: August 15, 2019
  • Goal: Provide 55 liters per capita per day (lpcd) of potable water to every rural household through a Functional Household Tap Connection (FHTC)
  • A Centrally Sponsored Scheme
  • Rashtriya Jal Jeevan Kosh (RJJK): A fund set up to receive contributions from individuals, corporates, and philanthropists to support water infrastructure.

STATE SPECIAL NEWS

Punjabi mandatory for major research outputs

  • Punjab-based Guru Nanak Dev University in Amritsar has made Punjabi mandatory for major research outputs alongside English.

Punjab

  • Capital: Chandigarh
  • Lok Sabha: 13 seats
  • Governor: Gulab Chand Kataria
  • Chief Minister: Bhagwant Mann
  • Name Origin: Persian for "Land of Five Rivers" (Panj-Ab)
  • Major Rivers: Sutlej, Beas, Ravi, Chenab, Jhelum
  • Nickname: "Breadbasket of India"
  • Established: November 1, 1966
  • Dance: Bhangra, Gidda
  • Religion: Birthplace of Sikhism, home to the Golden Temple (Harmandir Sahib) in Amritsar

Nagaland’s first Drone School

  • Nagaland got its first Drone School and Drone Centre of Excellence at the Nagaland GIS and Remote Sensing Centre at Kohima.
  • The facility was formally inaugurated by Chief Minister Neiphiu Rio as part of the 77th Republic Day celebrations.

Karnataka constitutes Gig Workers’ Welfare Board

  • The Karnataka government officially notified the constitution of the Karnataka Platform-Based Gig Workers Welfare Development Board which follows the enactment of the Karnataka Platform-Based Gig Workers (Social Security and Welfare) Act, 2025.
  • The Board includes four representatives each from gig worker unions and aggregator platforms, with companies such as Zomato, Uber, Amazon, and Porter represented.
  • Labour unions such as the All India Trade Union Congress (AITUC) and app-based transport and delivery worker unions are included.
  • Both gig workers and aggregator platforms will now be required to register with the Board.

Karnataka

  • Formed: in 1956 as Mysore State and in 1973 renamed as Karnataka
  • Capital: Bengaluru
  • Governor: Thawar Chand Gehlot
  • Festivals: Kambla – Buffalo race, Ugadi, Hampi festival, Vairamudi Brahmotsava, Tulu Sankramma, Gowri, Karaga
  • National Park: Bandipur NP, Anshi NP,
  • Kudermukh NP, Nagarahole NP, Bannerghatta NP, Mudumalai NP
  • Lakes: Ulsoor Lake, Kukkarahalli Lake, Jaraganahalli Lake
  • Waterfalls: Jog, Gokak, Shivanasamudra Fall
  • Dances: Yakshagana, Nagamandala, Kunitha, Krishna Parijatha, Bhootha Aradhane
  • Hill Stations: Chikmagalur, Brahmagiri, Kodachadri, Nandi Hills, Kemmangundi, Madikeri, Nandi hills
  • Tribes: Barda, Bavacha, Chodhara, Dubla, Gowdalu, Irulina

SUMMITS AND CONFERNCES

16th India-EU Summit

  • The 16th India-EU Summit Co-chaired by Prime Minister Narendra Modi, European Council President António Costa, and European Commission President Ursula von der Leyen in New Delhi.

BOOKS AND AUTHORS

Book: "The Rise of the Hitman: The Rohit Sharma Story"

  • The book "The Rise of the Hitman: The Rohit Sharma Story" was launched at the M. Chinnaswamy Stadium in Bengaluru.
  • Senior cricket journalist R. Kaushik authored the biography, which was published by Rupa Publications.

ECONOMY & BANKING

India-EU Free Trade Agreement

  • On January 27, 2026, India and the European Union (EU) officially sealed a historic Free Trade Agreement (FTA), ending nearly two decades of negotiations.
  • Billed as the "Mother of all Deals," the pact creates a massive free trade zone encompassing 2 billion people and roughly 25% of global GDP.

Key Highlights of the Agreement

  • The EU is India's largest trading partner for goods (surpassing the US in 2023-24)
  • Tariff Eliminations:
    • The EU will eliminate tariffs on 99.5% of Indian exports by trade value, with many duties dropping to zero immediately upon implementation.
    • India will reduce or eliminate tariffs on 96.6% of EU goods over a phased period of up to 10 years.
  • Impacted Sectors:
    • Indian Winners: Labour-intensive sectors such as textiles and apparel (zero-duty access to a $263 billion market), gems and jewellery, leather, footwear, and marine products.
    • EU Winners: Major gains for machinery, chemicals, pharmaceuticals, and the automotive sector.
    • Consumer Benefits: Import duties on European luxury cars will drop from 110% to as low as 10% (under a quota of 250,000 vehicles), and duties on wines will fall from 150% to 20–30%.

Excluded & Protected Sectors

  • India: Excluded dairy, cereals, and poultry to protect Indian farmers.
  • EU: Excluded beef, sugar, rice, and honey from liberalisation.

European Union (EU)

  • Member States: 27 countries (post-Brexit).
  • Establishment: Formally created by the Maastricht Treaty (signed 1992, effective Nov 1, 1993).
  • Headquarters: Brussels (Belgium) and Luxembourg
  • European Commission: The executive arm; proposes laws. Led by Ursula von der Leyen (President).

RBI & ESMA signed Memorandum of Understanding

  • The Reserve Bank of India (RBI) and the European Securities and Markets Authority (ESMA) signed a Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) signed a Memorandum of Understanding concerning cooperation and exchange of information related to Central Counterparties regulated and supervised by RBI.
  • The MoU establishes a framework for ESMA to rely on the RBI's oversight of Indian CCPs while safeguarding the EU's financial stability.
  • This agreement is a necessary step under the European Market Infrastructure Regulation (EMIR) for recognizing third-country CCPs.
  • It enables the Clearing Corporation of India Limited (CCIL), supervised by the RBI, to seek recognition under EMIR again.
  • This development is crucial for allowing EU clearing members access to Indian central counterparties, resolving previous cost issues and supporting international clearing.
  • ESMA is also pursuing similar MoUs with the Securities and Exchange Board of India (SEBI) and the International Financial Services Centres Authority (IFSCA).

About European Securities and Markets Authority (ESMA)

  • Founded: 2011
  • An independent authority of the European Union which EU’s securities market regulator and supervisor
  • Chairperson: Verena Ross.
  • Headquarters: Paris, France.

Smart & integrated fishing harbour at Mayabunder

  • The Government has approved a 200-crore-rupee project to develop a smart and integrated fishing harbour at Mayabunder in the Andaman and Nicobar Islands which will be fully funded by the Centre under the Pradhan Mantri Matsya Sampada Yojana.

Highlights

  • It is designed to provide safe landing and berthing for 430 fishing vessels and will handle an annual fish landing of approximately 9,900 tonnes.
  • Following the Blue Port Initiative, the harbour will integrate IoT-enabled systems, digital traceability, and energy-efficient infrastructure.
  • This is a key step toward India's target of reaching ₹1 lakh crore in seafood exports by 2030–31, specifically leveraging the islands' massive tuna and marine resources.

Ministry of Communications signed agreement with Stock Holding Services Limited

  • The Department of Posts (under the Ministry of Communications) signed an agreement with Stock Holding Services Limited (SSL) to promote access to regulated capital market services for citizens across the country.

Department of Posts (DoP)/India Post

  • Establishment: October 1, 1854 (formalized under Lord Dalhousie)
  • PIN Code System: Introduced on August 15, 1972, by Shriram Bhikaji Velankar. There are 9 geographical zones (1-8 for regions, 9 for Army Postal Service).
  • Network Size: World's largest postal network with 164,999 post offices (as of March 2025), of which over 90% are in rural areas.
  • Unique Post Offices: Highest post office in Hikkim (Spiti Valley, HP) and a floating post office on Dal Lake, Srinagar.
  • First Stamp: Scinde Dawk (1852) in Sindh region; first independent India stamp depicted the national flag (Nov 21, 1947).

ART & CULTURE

Bharat Parv 2026

  • The Ministry of Tourism organised Bharat Parv 2026 at the Red Fort in New Delhi showcasing India’s rich cultural, artistic, culinary, and spiritual traditions.
  • The 2026 edition marks 150 years of "Vande Mataram," highlighting themes of national pride and civilisational heritage.

11th Ajanta-Ellora International Film Festival

  • The 11th Ajanta-Ellora International Film Festival (AIFF) held in Chhatrapati Sambhajinagar (previously known as Aurangabad), Maharashtra, India.
  • The festival started with the screening of the Spanish film, Siret.

Tawi Boating Festival

  • The two-day Tawi Boating Festival held in Jammu to promote tourism and is open to the public free of charge.
  • The festival, organized by Jammu Smart City Limited and the Jammu Municipal Corporation, aims to connect people with the new lake and test the operational feasibility of future, permanent recreational activities.

Shikshapatri Samaiya Mahotsav

  • Union Home Minister Amit Shah attended the Shikshapatri Samaiya Mahotsav in Gandhinagar, Gujarat.
  • The festival was organized by the Shree Swaminarayan Mandir, Kalupur to celebrate the 200th anniversary (bicentenary) of the Shikshapatri, a sacred scripture written by Bhagwan Swaminarayan.
  • The Shikshapatri, consisting of 212 verses, was completed on Vasant Panchami in 1826 CE.
  • It serves as a guide for discipline, social harmony, and moral living for followers of the Swaminarayan Sampradaya.

Travel & Adventure Show 2026

  • The Consulate General of India in New York participated in the Travel & Adventure Show 2026 held in Manhattan.
  • The pavilion also highlighted the One District One Product (ODOP) initiative, showcasing regional crafts and textiles.

8th century Telugu inscription discovered in Andhra Pradesh

  • A Telugu inscription dating back to the 8th century CE has been discovered at Pitikayagulla village in Bestavaripeta mandal of Prakasam district, Andhra Pradesh, shedding light on the evolution of the Telugu language and early published works in the region.
  • Experts believe such early records are vital for tracking the transition of Telugu from Prakrit influences into an independent literary and administrative language.
  • According to ASI Director Dr. K. Muniratnam Reddy, the inscription dates to the period when the Renati kings ruled the Renadu region.

Andhra Pradesh

  • Foundation Day: 1st November
  • CM: N. Chandrababu Naidu
  • Bifurcated in 2014 to form Telangana
  • Governor: S. Abdul Nazeer
  • First state in India to be formed on a linguistic basis.
  • National Parks: Papikonda, Rajiv Gandhi (Rameswaram), Sri Venkateswara

DEFENCE NEWS

Annual NCC PM Rally

  • Prime Minister Narendra Modi addressed the Annual NCC PM Rally at the Cariappa Parade Ground in New Delhi.
  • The theme of this year’s rally is Rashtra Pratham – Kartavya Nishth Yuva.
  • The NCC PM Rally will mark the grand culmination of the month-long NCC Republic Day Camp 2026. It witnessed the participation of two thousand 406 NCC cadets from across the country, including 898 girl cadets.

About National Cadet Corps (NCC)

  • NCC is the youth wing of the Indian Armed Forces and the largest uniformed youth organisation in the world.
  • Headquarters: New Delhi
  • Motto: "Unity and Discipline" (Ekta aur Anushasan)
  • Director General : Lt. Gen. Virendra Vats

 

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