• Known as the "butterfly dance," Bagurumba features gentle, flowing movements that imitate butterflies, birds, and flowers.
• The dance represents harmony between human life and nature, celebrating themes of peace, fertility, joy, and collective harmony.
• The performance is accompanied by traditional Bodo instruments, including the Sifung (bamboo flute), Kham (drum), and Serja (stringed instrument).
• Dancers wear colorful traditional Bodo garments, including the Dokhna (wrap-around dress), Jwmgra (scarf), and Aronai (traditional muffler).

• Governor: Lakshman Acharya
• Chief minister: Himanta Biswa Sarma
• Tribes: Dimasa, Karbi, Lalung, Bodo, Khampti, Rabha, Deori, Chamka

• Digboi Refinery is birthplace of the Oil Industry in India.
• Dance: Bihu, Sattriya, Oja-Pali, Jhumar, Deodhani Nritya
• Festivals: Bihu, Ambubachi Mela, Dehing Festival
• Biosphere Reserves: Dibru-Saikhowa, Manas

• Wildlife Sanctuaries: Pobitora, Laokhowa, Bornadi, Garampani, Bura-Chapori, Pani Dihing, Chakrasila
• National Parks: Kaziranga National Park, Manas National Park, Orang (Rajiv Gandhi) National Park, Dibru-Saikhowa National Park, Nameri National Park

• The Startup India Scheme, a flagship initiative of the Government of India launched on January 16, 2016.
• It is managed by the Department for Promotion of Industry and Internal Trade (DPIIT).

Core Eligibility for Recognition

• Company Age: The entity must be within 10 years of its incorporation or registration.
• Entity Type: Must be incorporated as a Private Limited Company, a Registered Partnership Firm, or a Limited Liability Partnership (LLP).
• Turnover: Annual turnover must not have exceeded ₹100 crore in any financial year since incorporation.
• Innovation: The business must work towards innovation, development, or improvement of products, processes, or services with a scalable business model.

• Strategic Collaboration: The center will be developed through a combination of two national institutions in Tirupati: the Indian Institute of Technology (IIT) Tirupati and the Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Tirupati.
• AP FIRST is intended to play a key role in helping universities and colleges redesign their academic curricula to match modern industrial demands.

• Foundation Day: 1st November
• CM: N. Chandrababu Naidu
• Bifurcated in 2014 to form Telangana

• Governor: S. Abdul Nazeer
• First state in India to be formed on a linguistic basis.
• National Parks: Papikonda, Rajiv Gandhi (Rameswaram), Sri Venkateswara

• The Brihanmumbai Municipal Corporation (BMC), also known as the Municipal Corporation of Greater Mumbai (MCGM), is the governing civic body responsible for the administration of Mumbai.
• Established in 1888, it is the wealthiest municipal corporation in India, with an annual budget that exceeds those of several smaller Indian states.
• Led by the Municipal Commissioner, an IAS officer appointed by the Government of Maharashtra. The current commissioner is Bhushan Gagrani.
• Legislative Wing: Comprises 227 elected Councillors (Corporators) and 5 nominated members who represent the city's electoral wards. They elect the Mayor, who is considered the "First Citizen of Mumbai".

• Talent and Human Resources: Japan intends to invite 500 highly skilled AI professionals from India by 2030 to promote joint research and address workforce needs.
• Joint Development: The dialogue aims to facilitate the joint development of AI technologies, leveraging India's vast IT talent pool and Japan’s technical expertise.
• Coherent Cooperation: The framework provides a structured government-to-government (G2G) mechanism to give a "coherent push" to engagement in the AI sector.

• Denmark and Greenland's Rejection: Both governments have firmly rejected any sale or annexation, with Danish Prime Minister Mette Frederiksen warning that a U.S. takeover would end the NATO alliance.
• European Support: Several NATO allies—including France, Germany, Britain, and Sweden—have sent small numbers of military personnel to Greenland for surveillance and exercises to signal support for Danish sovereignty.
• U.S. Congressional Split: A bipartisan delegation of lawmakers recently visited Copenhagen to ease tensions. While some Republicans have introduced the "Greenland Annexation and Statehood Bill," others, like Senator Lisa Murkowski, have introduced legislation opposing any forceful takeover.
• Russian Reaction: The Russian Ministry of Foreign Affairs criticized the U.S. move as a collapse of the "rules-based international order"

• Official Name: Greenland (Kalaallit Nunaat)
• Political Status: Autonomous territory of Denmark
• Administrative Control: Kingdom of Denmark
• Capital: Nuuk
• Natural Resources: Fish, minerals, rare earth elements
• Strategic Importance: Arctic geopolitics, climate change, mineral resources

• Continent: North America
• Surrounding Oceans: Arctic Ocean and North Atlantic Ocean
• Geographical Location: Northeast of Canada
• Total Area: 2,166,086 sq km (World’s largest island)

• System of Government: Parliamentary democracy (Self-governing)
• Head of State: King of Denmark
• Head of Government: Prime Minister of Greenland
• NATO Status: Covered under Denmark’s NATO membership

• Capital: Moscow
• Time Zones: 11
• President: Vladimir Putin
• Prime Minister: Mikhail Mishustin
• Currency: Russian Ruble (RUB
• Government Type: Federal Semi-Presidential Republic
• Parliament: Comprises State Duma (Lower House) & Federation Council (Upper House)

• Major Rivers: Volga (longest in Europe), Ob, Yenisei, Lena, Amur (forms Russia-China border)
• Major Lakes: Baikal (world’s deepest and oldest freshwater lake), Ladoga, Onega
• Major Mountains: Ural, Caucasus (Mt. Elbrus, highest peak in Europe)
• Major Grasslands: Russian Steppes
• Major Deserts: Caspian Depression (semi-arid)

• Major Seas: Black, Caspian, Baltic, Barents, Okhotsk
• Bordering Nations: 14 countries Including China, Mongolia, Kazakhstan, Ukraine, Norway, North Korea, Poland (via exclave)
• Space Agency: Roscosmos
• Trans-Siberian Railway: Moscow to Vladivostok (~9,300 km)
• Major Ports: Murmansk (ice-free Arctic port), Vladivostok, St. Petersburg

• Approval of the 2026 Work Plan: The meeting endorsed the ASEAN-India Digital Work Plan 2026 which includes ICT training and capacity-building programs, The India-ASEAN Regulators' Conference and Deployment of indigenous telecom and ICT solutions.
• Digital Future Fund: Ministers welcomed the operationalization of the special ASEAN-India Fund for Digital Future.
• India's Digital Contributions: India showcased its Digital Public Infrastructure (DPI), including Aadhaar, UPI, and DigiLocker, as platforms for inclusive growth.

About ASEAN

• Founded: August 8, 1967, with the Bangkok Declaration by Indonesia, Malaysia, Philippines, Singapore, and Thailand.
• Headquarters: Jakarta, Indonesia.
• Members: Brunei, Cambodia, Indonesia, Laos, Malaysia, Myanmar, Philippines, Singapore, Thailand, Vietnam, and Timor-Leste
• Type: a political and economic union of 11 Southeast Asian countries

• The Conference of Speakers and Presiding Officers of the Commonwealth (CSPOC) is an independent biennial forum established in 1969 to support the role of Speakers in parliamentary institutions.
• A permanent secretariat is based in Canada.
• The conference is held every two years. Following the 2026 conference, the chairmanship was passed to Sir Lindsay Hoyle, Speaker of the UK House of Commons.
• The next conference is scheduled for January 2028 in the United Kingdom.

• Established: February 1964 based on the recommendations of the Santhanam Committee.
• Status: Granted statutory status in September 2003 under the CVC Act, 2003.
• Role: An independent autonomous body that monitors all vigilance activity under the Central Government. It is not controlled by any ministry and reports directly to the Parliament of India.
• Members and Appointment: The CVC consists of a Central Vigilance Commissioner and up to two Vigilance Commissioners, appointed by the President of India based on recommendations from a committee including the Prime Minister, Home Minister, and Leader of the Opposition in the Lok Sabha.
• Terms of Vigilance Commissioners: 4 years or until the age of 65.
• Mandate: The CVC oversees the CBI's work under the Prevention of Corruption Act, 1988, investigates complaints against certain central government officers, and is the authority for receiving complaints under the Whistleblowers Protection Act.

• Established: Under Section 10 of the Consumer Protection Act, 2019
• Nodal Ministry: Ministry of Consumer Affairs, Food & Public Distribution
• Composition of CCPA: A Chief Commissioner heads the CCPA and has two other commissioners.
• It prevents unfair trade practices and curbs false or misleading advertisements.

• Cultural Influence: Using his cinematic career to promote social justice and revolutionary ideas before serving as Chief Minister for a decade (1977–1987)
• Posthumous Honor: He was awarded the Bharat Ratna, India's highest civilian honor, in 1988 for his public service and leadership.
• Welfare Schemes: Enhancing the Nutritious Mid-Day Meal Scheme, which drastically improved school attendance and nutrition.

• The Graded Response Action Plan (GRAP) is an emergency framework implemented in Delhi and the National Capital Region (NCR) to combat air pollution.
• It consists of four stages, each triggered by specific Air Quality Index (AQI) thresholds as determined by the Commission for Air Quality Management (CAQM).
• Stage I: 'Poor' (AQI 201–300) focuses Basic pollution control and dust mitigation
• Stage II: 'Very Poor' (AQI 301–400) focuses on curbing high-emission sources and promoting public transport.
• Stage III: 'Severe' (AQI 401–450) focuses stringent restrictions on major polluting activities.
• Stage IV: 'Severe+' (AQI > 450) Focus on Emergency measures to lower hazardous pollution levels.

• Ecological Sensitivity: The project site covers nearly 28,000 square metres, with approximately 22,000 square metres falling within the Coastal Regulation Zone (CRZ)-III No Development Zone. The area overlaps with CRZ-I zones containing mangroves, mudflats, and seagrass meadows.
• Excessive Concrete Construction: The committee criticized the current plan for its heavy reliance on conventional cement and concrete structures in a pristine ecosystem.
• Low-Impact Engineering: The State has been advised to adopt a "Low Impact Engineering" approach that minimizes environmental harm and blends with natural surroundings.