• Objective of the Bill: To promote nuclear power generation for the welfare of citizens by encouraging the development of nuclear energy and ionizing radiation.
• Key Provisions of the Bill:
• The Bill provides for the constitution of the Atomic Energy Regulatory Board and the establishment of a Nuclear Energy Redressal Advisory Council.
• It includes provisions regarding the accountability of the Central Government in the event of a nuclear accident.
• To fulfill its liability under the Bill, the Central Government has established a Nuclear Liability Fund.
• The most revolutionary step under the Bill is the permission granted to the private sector to participate in nuclear power generation.

Future Targets:

• By 2047: To increase India’s nuclear energy capacity to 100 gigawatts (GW) (currently around 8–9 GW).
• By 2070: To achieve the target of Net Zero carbon emissions, with nuclear energy playing a crucial role as a baseload power source.

• Objective of the Bill: To empower universities and other higher education institutions to achieve excellence in teaching, learning, research, and innovation.
• This bill provides for the establishment of the Developed India Education Foundation, along with three councils, namely, the Developed India Education Regulation Council, the Developed India Education Quality Council, and the Developed India Education Standards Council.
• The bill also provides for the repeal of the University Grants Commission Act, 1956, the All India Council for Technical Education Act, 1987, and the National Council for Teacher Education Act, 1993.

• The Bill provides for the repeal of certain Acts and the amendment of some other Acts.
• It seeks to repeal obsolete and redundant laws identified by the Legislative Department, with the objective of simplifying and modernizing the legal framework.

• Capital: Prague
• Form of Government: Parliamentary democracy

• Currency: Czech Koruna (CZK)
• Geography: Located in Central Europe, bordered by Germany, Austria, Poland, and Slovakia

• This is a flagship initiative of Digital India, operated by the Defence Accounts Department through PCDA (Pensions), Prayagraj.
• SPARSH has enhanced transparency by bringing together over 45,000 agencies onto a single integrated digital platform, reducing the pension disbursement time from 56 days to 20 days.
• As of November 30, 20.94 lakh digital life certificates have been issued.
• A special arrangement between India and Nepal allows for the transfer of pension accounts of ex-servicemen, benefiting 31.69 lakh pensioners.
• Disbursement: In the financial year 2024-25, Rs. 1,57,681 crore from the defence pension budget was disbursed through SPARSH on a real-time basis. Under One Rank One Pension-III, implemented in July 2024, a rapid disbursement of Rs. 1,224.76 crore to 20.17 lakh beneficiaries was made possible in just 15 days.

• The Finance Minister refuted the statement made by former US President Donald Trump describing India as a “dead economy.”
• She cited improvements in sovereign credit ratings by agencies such as DBRS, S&P, and R&I, along with recognition by the International Monetary Fund (IMF).
• Economic Performance:
• India recorded 8.2% economic growth in the September quarter.
• The Reserve Bank of India (RBI) has projected a 7.3% growth rate for FY 2025–26.
• Over the past decade, the Indian economy has strengthened significantly, demonstrating resilience and stability despite global uncertainties.

• Rural unemployment fell to a low of 3.9%.
• Urban unemployment declined to 6.5%.

• Meanwhile, the Labour Force Participation Rate (LFPR) among persons aged 15 years and above increased to 55.8% in November.

• In the April-November period of the current financial year, exports increased by 2.62 percent to US$292.07 billion, and imports rose by 5.59 percent to US$515.21 billion.
• The country's total trade deficit during this period stood at US$223.14 billion.
• Exports of petroleum products increased by 11.65 percent to US$3.93 billion.
• The estimated value of services exports in November was US$35.86 billion, compared to US$32.11 billion in the same month last year.
• Total services exports in the first eight months of the current financial year amounted to US$270 billion, compared to US$248.56 billion in April-November 2024.

• Established under: The Right to Information (RTI) Act, 2005
• Tenure: 5 years or up to the age of 65 years, whichever is earlier
• Qualifications: The Chief Information Commissioner and Information Commissioners must be persons of eminence in public life with wide knowledge and experience in fields such as law, science, management, journalism, etc.
• Composition: It consists of one Chief Information Commissioner and a maximum of 10 Information Commissioners, who together constitute the Central Information Commission (CIC).
• Appointment: By the President of India, on the recommendation of a Selection Committee comprising the Prime Minister (Chairperson), the Leader of Opposition in the Lok Sabha, and one Union Minister.

• Date: 16 December
• Commemoration: India’s victory in the 1971 India–Pakistan War
• Duration of the War: 13 days (3 December to 16 December 1971)
• Military Leadership: Field Marshal Sam Manekshaw

• Prominent Bangladeshi Leader: Sheikh Mujibur Rahman
• Outcome of the War:
• Birth of a new nation, Bangladesh
• Surrender of 93,000 Pakistani soldiers

• Indian Farmers Fertiliser Cooperative Limited (IFFCO) announced on 13 December 2025 that the award will be conferred upon senior fiction writer Maitreyi Pushpa for her literary works based on rural life, women’s experiences, and human sensibilities.
• The selection was made by a committee headed by Chandrakanta, with members including Nasira Sharma, Anant Vijay, and others.
• The award carries a cash prize of ₹11 lakh, along with a citation and a memento.
• The Young Award was given to Ankita Jain for her book “O Re! Kisan”, which includes a cash prize of ₹2.5 lakh.
• This award has been presented since 2011 to writers contributing to Hindi literature on rural and agricultural themes.

• The competitions were held at the Dr. Karni Singh Shooting Range, New Delhi.
• In the final, Manu Bhaker clinched the gold medal with a score of 36, while Divya won the silver medal with a score of 32.
• Anjali Chaudhary secured the bronze medal with a score of 28.

• ‘Project Mahadeva’ is being implemented with the participation of the Maharashtra Institution for Transformation Village, Social Transformation Foundation, Western India Football Association, CIDCO, and the Sports Department of the Government of Maharashtra.
• 'Project Mahadeva' is a significant initiative launched to identify football talent under the age of 13 and develop high-quality football players in the state.

• Cho La (site of the 1967 India–China conflict) and Dok La/Doklam (area of ​​the 2017 military standoff) are being developed as “Battlefield Tourism” routes.