• Objective: To improve connectivity in areas of 30 particularly vulnerable tribal groups in the state.
• These projects are being implemented under the Pradhan Mantri Janjatiya Adivasi Nyay Mahabhiyan.

• The year 2024–25 has recorded the highest-ever crop production in the country.
• Union Minister Shivraj Singh Chouhan stated that foodgrain production has increased by 42% compared to 2014–15.
• Under the State Disaster Response Fund (SDRF), an allocation of over ₹1.28 lakh crore has been made for the period 2021–22 to 2025–26.
• Between 2004 and 2014, the SDRF budget was only ₹38,000 crore, which has been increased by the Modi Government to ₹1.24 lakh crore.

• Cess: A cess is an additional tax imposed by the government for a specific, predetermined public interest purpose. It is levied over and above existing taxes such as excise duty or income tax.
• Constitutional Basis: Through the 80th Constitutional Amendment, Article 270 was amended to clearly exclude cesses and surcharges from the divisible pool. Hence, revenue collected from a cess is not shared with the states.
• Taxable Person: Any person or entity that owns, operates, or controls the machinery or processes used for manufacturing the specified goods will be required to pay the cess.

• Capital: Jaipur
• Major Rivers: Chambal, Banas, Luni, Mahi, Ghaggar, etc.
• Important Lakes: Pushkar Lake, Pichola Lake, Fateh Sagar Lake, Jaisamand Lake, Rajsamand Lake, Nakki Lake, Sambhar Lake
• Major Festivals/Fairs: Camel Festival (Bikaner), Pushkar Fair (Ajmer), Deepotsav (Jaipur)
• Wildlife Sites: Ranthambore, Sariska, Kakar Kund, Mount Abu Wildlife Sanctuary

• Location: Sulfur Cave
• Size: Approximately 106 square meters (about half the size of a tennis court)
• Inhabitants: More than 111,000 spiders of the species Tegenaria domestica and Prinerigone vagans
• Uniqueness: For the first time, two different spider species have been observed living together on such a massive scale, forming a structure made of thousands of interconnected small webs.
• Environment: The web developed in a sulfur-rich environment due to hydrogen sulfide gas, creating a unique ecosystem.
• Scientific Significance: Researchers believe it resembles a huge “silk tent city” and offers new insights into the social behavior of spiders, which typically prefer solitary living.

• Location: UNEP Headquarters, Nairobi, Kenya
• Theme: “Advancing Sustainable Solutions for a Resilient Planet”
• Objective: To address global environmental challenges and to approve the Medium-Term Strategy and Programme of Work for 2026–2029
• India’s Representation: By Kirti Vardhan Singh, Minister of State for Environment, Forest and Climate Change

• Capital: Santiago
• Official Language: Spanish
• Continent: South America
• Currency: Chilean Peso (CLP)
• One of the longest and narrowest countries in the world
• Coastline: Over 6,435 km along the Pacific Ocean

• Located along the western edge of the Andes Mountains
• One of the southernmost countries in the world, extending close to Cape Horn
• The Chilean economy relies heavily on copper mining

• On 31 October 2003, the UN General Assembly adopted the United Nations Convention Against Corruption (UNCAC).
• In recognition of this, 9 December was designated as International Anti-Corruption Day.
• The Convention came into force in December 2005.

• A total of 12 artisans received the Shilp Guru Awards for 2023 and 2024.
• 36 artisans were given National Awards for both years.

Awards for the year 2023:

• Shilp Guru Awards: Ajit Kumar Das from West Bengal (Hand-painted textiles) and D. Shivamma from Andhra Pradesh (Leather puppetry)
• National Awards: Hirabai Jhareka Baghel from Chhattisgarh (Metal craft), Imtiaz Ahmed from Uttar Pradesh (Handmade carpets), and Roshan Chhipa from Rajasthan (Artistic textiles)

Awards for the year 2024:

• Shilp Guru Awards: Subhash Arora from Haryana (Metal craft category)
• Mohammad Dilshad from Uttar Pradesh (Wood carving category)
• National Awards: T. Bhaskaran from Tamil Nadu (Stone carving), Rupban Chitrakar from West Bengal (Painting), and Baldev Baghmare from Madhya Pradesh (Tribal artisan category)

• Winner: Lando Norris
• Team: McLaren
• Points: Norris won the title with 423 points
• Runner-up: Max Verstappen (Red Bull) – He won the Abu Dhabi race but missed the championship by just 2 points

• British Driver: Norris is the first British driver to win the F1 World Championship after Lewis Hamilton in 2020
• For McLaren: This is McLaren’s first Drivers’ Championship title since 2008