National News

Four Labour Codes Implemented

• The Central Government has implemented the four Labour Codes from 21 November 2025 with the objective of simplifying and making labour laws more effective.

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Total Freight Loading in Financial Year 2025-26 : Railways

• Indian Railways has achieved a total freight loading of 1020 million tonnes so far during the financial year 2025-26.

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Sardar@150 Unity Yatra

• Union Minister and BJP President Jagat Prakash Nadda flagged off the Sardar@150 Unity Yatra in New Delhi on the occasion of the 150th birth anniversary of Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel.

Sardar Patel :

Economy and Banking

Announcement to Link UPI with Fast Payment Systems

• The Reserve Bank has announced the linking of the UPI system with fast payment systems of other countries to promote cross-border payments.

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India’s Foreign Exchange Reserves : November 2025

• India’s foreign exchange reserves have reached close to their all-time high in November 2025.
• During the week ending on 14 November 2025, India’s forex reserves increased by USD 5.54 billion, reaching USD 692.58 billion.

India’s GDP Growth Rate

• Rating agency Moody’s has released positive projections for India’s economic growth.
• According to the agency, India’s GDP growth rate is expected to be 7% in 2025, higher than 6.7% in 2024.
• In 2026, the growth rate is projected to slow down to 6.4%.

International News

Dissent Against the 27th Constitutional Amendment : Pakistan

• Protests were held in several parts of Pakistan over the alleged mistreatment of the sisters of Imran Khan, founder of Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf (PTI), outside Rawalpindi’s Adiala Jail.
• These protests took place amid political tensions and dissent against the 27th Constitutional Amendment.

Pakistan :

3.5 Million Children Suffer Severe Malnutrition in Afghanistan : WFP

• The World Food Programme (WFP) has stated that due to reduced humanitarian assistance, 3.5 million children in Afghanistan are suffering from severe malnutrition.
• WFP has warned that the deteriorating humanitarian conditions in the country are putting millions of people at risk.

World Food Programme (WFP) :

Art and Culture

Indian Art Festival 2025

• President Smt. Droupadi Murmu inaugurated the second edition of the Indian Art Festival on 21 November 2025 at Rashtrapati Nilayam, Secunderabad.

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Hornbill Festival 2025

• France has confirmed its participation as the partner country for this year’s Hornbill Festival in Nagaland.
• With this decision, France joins the list of countries that have partnered for this ten-day annual celebration. Previously, Austria, Malta, the United Kingdom, Ireland, and Switzerland were also announced as partner countries for the festival.

Hornbill Festival:

Appointments

Sandeep Pradhan appointed as full-time member of SEBI

• Sandip Pradhan has been appointed as a full-time member of the Securities and Exchange Board of India (SEBI).
• He is a 1990 batch Indian Revenue Service (IRS) officer and currently serves as Director General of Income Tax (Investigation) in Pune.
• His appointment will be for a term of three years or until further orders.

Securities and Exchange Board of India (SEBI):

Amit Agrawal Appointed as Telecom Secretary

• Amit Agrawal has been appointed as the new Secretary of the Department of Telecommunications (DoT).
• He is a senior IAS officer of the 1993 batch from the Chhattisgarh cadre.
• Before this appointment, he was serving as the Secretary of the Department of Pharmaceuticals under the Ministry of Chemicals and Fertilizers.

Defence News

Security Exercise ‘Sagar Kavach-02/25’

• The Indian Coast Guard (ICG) conducted a major coastal security exercise named ‘Sagar Kavach-02/25’ along the Maharashtra and Goa coastline from 19–20 November 2025.

Sagar Kavach-02/25 :

NCC Cadets’ Strength and Role Expansion

• The Ministry of Defence has planned to increase the strength of the National Cadet Corps (NCC) from the current 17 lakh cadets to 20 lakh cadets, along with expanding its overall role.

National Cadet Corps (NCC):