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GK Update

Thu 30 Oct, 2025

National News

Significant Initiative to Strengthen India’s Maritime Sector

  • Prime Minister Narendra Modi launched initiatives worth ₹2.2 lakh crore (₹2,20,000 crore) during India Maritime Week 2025 to enhance India’s maritime and shipbuilding capabilities.
  • This investment focuses primarily on promoting India’s Blue Economy and reinforcing the country’s position as a global maritime power.

India Maritime Week (IMW) 2025:

  • Dates: 27–31 October 2025 (Five-day event)
  • Venue: Nesco Exhibition Centre, Mumbai
  • Organizing Ministry: Ministry of Ports, Shipping, and Waterways, Government of India
  • Theme: “Integrating Oceans, One Maritime Vision”
  • Inaugurated by: Union Home Minister Amit Shah
  • India’s maritime sector handles about 95% of the country’s trade by volume and 70% by value.
  • Nearly 60% of India’s GDP comes from coastal states, supporting the livelihoods of around 800 million people connected with the sea.

Launch of the Model Youth Gram Sabha (MYGS) Initiative

  • The Government of India launched the Model Youth Gram Sabha (MYGS) initiative on 30 October 2025 at the Dr. Bhimrao Ambedkar International Centre, New Delhi.
  • During the event, a training module on the Model Youth Gram Sabha and the MYGS online portal were also unveiled.

Key Facts:

  • Nodal Ministry: Ministry of Panchayati Raj
  • Partner Ministries: Ministry of Education and Ministry of Tribal Affairs
  • Target Group: Primarily students from classes 9 to 12
  • Initial Phase Schools: Over 1,100 schools, including Jawahar Navodaya Vidyalayas (JNVs), Eklavya Model Residential Schools (EMRSs), and selected Zilla Parishad schools in Maharashtra and Karnataka
  • Financial Assistance: Each participating school will receive ₹20,000 to organize a mock Gram Sabha (village assembly)

56th International Film Festival of India

  • The 56th International Film Festival of India (IFFI) will be held in Panaji, Goa, from 20 to 28 November 2025.

Key Facts :

  • Organizers: Ministry of Information and Broadcasting, Government of India (through the National Film Development Corporation – NFDC), in collaboration with the Government of Goa and the Indian film industry.
  • Accreditation: Recognized by FIAPF (International Federation of Film Producers’ Associations) as a prestigious competitive feature film festival.

India’s Cybersecurity Ecosystem

  • According to Dr. Sanjay Bahl, Director-General of the Indian Computer Emergency Response Team (CERT-In) under the Ministry of Electronics and Information Technology, India’s cybersecurity ecosystem has reached a new milestone worth USD 20 billion.
  • During an interaction with journalists from European Union countries, he stated that India’s cybersecurity ecosystem has grown significantly, comprising over 400 startups and 650,000 professionals, positioning India among the global leaders in cybersecurity.

WE-CARE 2025

  • The International Salinity Conference 3.0 (WE-CARE 2025) is being held in Goa from 29 October to 1 November 2025.
  • The conference focuses on the latest approaches to restoring saline ecosystems. It was inaugurated by Dr. A.K. Nayak, Deputy Director General of the Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR), New Delhi.

Key Facts:

  • Full Name: International Salinity Conference 3.0 (WE-CARE 2025)
  • Venue: ICAR – Central Coastal Agricultural Research Institute (ICAR-CCARI), Old Goa, Goa
  • Theme: Global Efforts on State-of-the-Art Approaches for Restoring Salt-Affected Ecosystems
  • Organizer: Institutes under the Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR)
  • Participation: Around 150 delegates from India, SAARC, and AARDO member countries, including Japan, Sri Lanka, Mauritius, Oman, Kenya, and Ghana

State News

Prime Minister Narendra Modi on a Two-Day Visit to Gujarat

  • Prime Minister Narendra Modi began his two-day visit to Gujarat on 30 October 2025.
  • The visit primarily relates to the National Unity Day celebrations marking the 150th birth anniversary of Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel.

National Unity Day (Rashtriya Ekta Diwas) :

  • Date: 31 October (observed annually)
  • Purpose: To honor the birth anniversary and nation-building contribution of Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel, the Iron Man of India
  • Declared by: Government of India in 2014
  • Dedicated to: Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel

Dismissal of Two Government Employees in Jammu & Kashmir

  • Jammu and Kashmir Lieutenant Governor Manoj Sinha ordered the dismissal of two government employees for their alleged links with terrorist organizations.
  • The individuals were identified as Ghulam Hussain and Majid Iqbal Dar, both serving as teachers in the Education Department.

Jammu & Kashmir:

  • Capitals: Summer – Srinagar | Winter – Jammu
  • Administrative Status: Union Territory with a Legislative Assembly
  • Formation Date: 31 October 2019 (under the Jammu and Kashmir Reorganisation Act, 2019)
  • Division: The former State of Jammu & Kashmir was bifurcated into two Union Territories — Jammu & Kashmir and Ladakh
  • Major Rivers: Jhelum, Chenab, and Indus (part of the Indus River Basin)
  • Major Mountain Ranges: Pir Panjal, Zanskar, and Karakoram (partially)

34th ‘Gadari Babeyan Da’ Fair

  • A three-day 34th ‘Gadari Babeyan Da’ fair is being organized in Jalandhar from October 30 to November 1, 2025.
  • This fair is held to pay tribute to the Ghadar Movement.

Related Facts:

  • Name of the Fair: ‘Gadari Babeyan Da’ Mela (Dedicated to the heroes of the Ghadar Movement)
  • Venue: Desh Bhagat Yadgar Hall, Jalandhar, Punjab
  • Theme/Dedication: This year, the fair is dedicated to the death anniversary of Gulab Kaur, a prominent woman of the Ghadar Movement, and to the legacy of the Ghadar Movement.

Person In News

118th Birth Anniversary of Pasumpon Muthuramalinga Thevar

  • On October 30, 2025, the 118th birth anniversary of freedom fighter and social reformer Pasumpon Muthuramalinga Thevar was celebrated.
  • His birth anniversary and death anniversary (Guru Pooja) fall on the same day, making it an important festival in Tamil Nadu.

Pasumpon Muthuramalinga Thevar:

  • Birth/Death: October 30, 1908 / October 30, 1963
  • Birthplace: Pasumpon village, Ramanathapuram district, Tamil Nadu
  • Key Roles: Freedom fighter, social worker, politician, and spiritual leader
  • Title: “Thevar Ayya”

Death Anniversary of Maharshi Dayanand Saraswati

  • The death anniversary of Maharshi Dayanand Saraswati (founder of the Arya Samaj) is observed on October 30.

Maharshi Dayanand Saraswati:

  • Birth: February 12, 1824 – Tankara (present-day Gujarat)
  • Death: October 30, 1883 – Ajmer (Rajasthan)
  • Original Name: Mool Shankar Tiwari
  • Title: “Maharshi”
  • Fame: Founder of the Arya Samaj, great social reformer, and reviver of Vedic religion
  • Founded Arya Samaj: 1875
  • Major Work: Satyarth Prakash
  • Main Slogan: “Back to the Vedas”

Economy and Banking

14th Round of Commercial Coal Mine Auctions

  • The Ministry of Coal launched the 14th round of commercial coal mine auctions in New Delhi.
  • For the first time, provisions for Underground Coal Gasification (UCG) have been introduced in this round.

Key Facts:

  • Gevra and Kusmunda coal mines in Chhattisgarh have been listed among the world’s top ten coal mines by WorldAtlas.com.
  • Largest producer and consumer of coal: China
  • Second-largest coal producer: India
  • Country with the largest known coal reserves: United States
  • Types of coal (based on carbon content): Anthracite, Bituminous, Lignite, and Peat

International News

U.S. Announces Reduction in Tariffs on China

  • U.S. President Donald Trump announced that the existing 57% tariff on China will be reduced to 47%.
  • He made this announcement after a meeting with Chinese President Xi Jinping in Busan, South Korea.

According to President Trump:

China will resume purchasing soybeans from the United States. The issue of rare earth metals has been resolved, ensuring uninterrupted exports. Both sides have agreed to reduce the tariff on fentanyl from 20% to 10%.

U.S. Orders Resumption of Nuclear Weapons Testing

  • U.S. President Donald Trump has directed the Department of War to begin nuclear weapons testing to match the capabilities of China and Russia.

Key Facts:

  • President Trump’s decision came after Russian President Vladimir Putin announced the successful test of the nuclear-capable Burevestnik cruise missile.
  • The Kremlin described this test as part of its efforts to strengthen national security.
  • The last U.S. nuclear test was conducted on September 23, 1992.
  • In the same year, President George H. W. Bush announced a moratorium on underground nuclear testing.

APEC Summit 2025

  • The Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC) Summit 2025 is being held from October 31 to November 1, 2025, in Gyeongju, South Korea, at the Gyeongju Hwabaek International Convention Center.

Key Facts:

  • Theme: “Building a Sustainable Tomorrow: Connect, Innovate, Prosper.”
  • Host Country: Republic of Korea (South Korea) — hosting the summit for the second time after 2005.
  • Main Venue/City: Gyeongju – Leaders’ Meeting held at the Gyeongju Hwabaek International Convention Center.
  • Duration: October 31 – November 1, 2025 (APEC Economic Leaders’ Meeting).
  • APEC Economic Leaders’ Week (AELW): October 27 – November 1, 2025.

Environment News

Hurricane Melissa

  • A devastating storm, Hurricane Melissa, caused massive destruction across the Caribbean Sea, severely affecting Jamaica, Haiti, and Cuba.

Key Facts:

  • Type: Hurricane in the Atlantic Ocean Basin
  • Year: Fifth hurricane of the 2025 Atlantic hurricane season
  • Peak Intensity: Category 5 (the most dangerous level)
  • Maximum wind speed reached 295 km/h (185 mph)
  • Significance: Melissa has been described as the most powerful hurricane to hit Jamaica in nearly 174 years.

Defence News

5th India–Russia Military Cooperation Working Group Meeting

  • The 5th meeting of the India–Russia Intergovernmental Commission on Military and Military Technical Cooperation (IRIGC–M&MTC) was held on October 28–29, 2025, at the Manekshaw Centre, New Delhi.

Key Facts:

  • The meeting was co-chaired by Air Marshal Ashutosh Dixit, Deputy Chief of Integrated Defence Staff, India, and Lieutenant General Dylevsky Igor Nikolaevich, Deputy Chief of the Main Operations Directorate, General Staff of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation.
  • This working group serves as an important platform to advance bilateral defence cooperation between India and Russia.

Honors and Awards

“Top Agri-Food Pioneers 2025” (TAP 2025)

  • Celebrity chef Sanjeev Kapoor has been honored with the “Top Agri-Food Pioneers 2025” award by the World Food Prize Foundation (WFPF).
  • He received this recognition for his continuous contributions toward nutrition, food innovation, and community welfare.

Key Facts:

  • Awarding Organization: World Food Prize Foundation (WFPF)
  • Event: Norman E. Borlaug International Dialogue, Iowa, USA
  • Category: Honored as one of the 39 global innovators who have made significant contributions toward transforming global food systems.

"Grand Order of Mugunghwa"

  • U.S. President Donald Trump was awarded South Korea’s highest national honor, the “Grand Order of Mugunghwa,” on October 29, 2025.
  • This is the most prestigious civilian award in South Korea, typically conferred upon heads of state and members of the royal family.

Key Facts:

  • Reason for the Award: In recognition of his peace and diplomatic efforts on the Korean Peninsula. He was honored as a “Peacemaker.”
  • Historical Significance: Donald Trump became the first U.S. President to receive this distinguished honor.

Today News

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