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GK Update

Mon 27 Oct, 2025

National News

Digital Arrest Scams

  • The Supreme Court issued notices to all states and Union territories seeking details of first information reports (FIRs) registered by them in connection with digital arrest scams.

Supreme Court

  • The highest judicial body in the country
  • Guardian of the Constitution
  • Acts as the highest court
  • Mention in Constitution: Articles 124 to 147 (Part V)
  • Headquarters: New Delhi
  • Appointment of Judges: By the President under Article 124(2)
  • Powers and Functions of the Supreme Court:
  • Original Jurisdiction: Article 131 (dealing with Centre-State and inter-state disputes)
  • Appellate Jurisdiction: Articles 132-134 (Appeals can be made in the Supreme Court against the decisions of the High Courts)
  • Special Leave Petition: Article 136
  • Interpretation of the Constitution: Article 143
  • Protection of Fundamental Rights: Article 32

STATE SPECIAL NEWS

CANSAT India Student Competition

  • In Uttar Pradesh, the 4-day-long grand finale of the Model Rocketry/CANSAT India Student Competition held on the banks of the Narayani River at Tumkuhiraj, Kushinagar.
  • This is India’s largest student-led space competitions organised by the Indian National Space Promotion and Authorisation Centre (IN-SPACe) in partnership with the Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) and the Astronautical Society of India (ASI).

Uttar Pradesh

  • First Chief Minister of the state: Govind Ballabh Pant
  • First woman Chief Minister of the state and country: Sucheta Kripalani
  • Present CM: Yogi Adityanath
  • Highest Peak: Amsot Peak
  • Total Districts: 76
  • Present Governor: Anandiben Patel
  • Uttar Pradesh Day: 24 January
  • First woman governor of the state and country: Sarojini Naidu
  • Largest District: Lakhimpur Kheri
  • Most Populous District: Prayagraj
  • Least Populous District: Mahoba

INTERNATIONAL NEWS

Bust of Tagore in Beijing

  • A bust of Nobel Laureate Rabindranath Tagore was unveiled at the Indian Embassy in Beijing which is carved by the famous Chinese sculptor Yuan Xikun.

New President of Seychelles, Dr Patrick Herminie

  • India's Vice-President C.P. Radhakrishnan attended the swearing-in ceremony of Dr. Patrick Herminie, the new President of the Republic of Seychelles.

Seychelles

Capital: Victoria Currency: Seychellois Rupee President: Patrick Herminie

‘Burevestnik’ Missile

  • Russian President Vladimir Putin announced the successful test of a unique nuclear-powered ‘Burevestnik’ cruise missile with unlimited range and ordered the armed forces to prepare infrastructure for its deployment.

Russia

  • Capital: Moscow
  • Time Zones: 11
  • President: Vladimir Putin
  • Prime Minister: Mikhail Mishustin
  • Currency: Russian Ruble (RUB
  • Government Type: Federal Semi-Presidential Republic
  • Parliament: Comprises State Duma (Lower House) & Federation Council (Upper House)
  • Major Rivers: Volga (longest in Europe), Ob, Yenisei, Lena, Amur (forms Russia-China border)
  • Major Lakes: Baikal (world’s deepest and oldest freshwater lake), Ladoga, Onega
  • Major Mountains: Ural, Caucasus (Mt. Elbrus, highest peak in Europe)
  • Major Grasslands: Russian Steppes
  • Major Deserts: Caspian Depression (semi-arid)
  • Major Seas: Black, Caspian, Baltic, Barents, Okhotsk
  • Bordering Nations: 14 countries Including China, Mongolia, Kazakhstan, Ukraine, Norway, North Korea, Poland (via exclave)
  • Space Agency: Roscosmos
  • Trans-Siberian Railway: Moscow to Vladivostok (~9,300 km)
  • Major Ports: Murmansk (ice-free Arctic port), Vladivostok, St. Petersburg

Timor-Leste Joins ASEAN

  • Timor-Leste became the 11th member of the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) during the 47th ASEAN Summit in Malaysia’s Kuala Lumpur.
  • Malaysia, as the Chair of ASEAN, is hosting the 47th ASEAN Summit and Related Summits under the theme “Inclusivity and Sustainability” in Kuala Lumpur.

Timor-Leste

Capital: Dili Currency: United States Dollar Prime minister: Kay Rala Xanana Gusmão

SUMMITS AND CONFERNCES

8th International Solar Alliance Assembly

  • The 8th Session of the International Solar Alliance Assembly started at Bharat Mandapam in New Delhi.
  • The member countries will review progress, address challenges, and align actions toward one vision – affordable solar energy for all.

International Solar Alliance

  • An alliance of sunshine countries, which lie either completely or partly between the Tropic of Cancer and the Tropic of Capricorn
  • Total Members: 124
  • Founded : 2018
  • Director General: Ashish Khanna
  • Headquarters: National Institute of Solar Energy, Gurugram, Haryana
  • President: R. K. Singh

Conference of Chief Electoral Officers

  • The two-day Conference of Chief Electoral Officers (CEOs) organised by the Election Commission of India began at India International Institute for Democracy and Electoral Management in New Delhi.

Election Commission of India (ECI)

  • Type: Constitutional independent body
  • National Voters' Day: 25 January
  • Constitutional Provisions: Articles 324 to 329
  • Composition of Commission: Three-member body (Chief Election Commissioner, two Election Commissioners)
  • Appointment: By the President (on the recommendation of the selection committee)
  • Tenure: 6 years or 65 years of age (whichever is earlier)
  • Procedure of Removal: Like a Supreme Court Judge (by impeachment)
  • Other Election Commissioners: Can be removed by the President, but on the recommendation of the CEC

National Workshop on NAKSHA programme

  • The Department of Land Resources (DoLR), in collaboration with LBSNAA's B N Yugandhar Centre for Rural Studies (BNYCRS), concluded "Training cum Workshop on NAKSHA" for District Magistrates and Collectors in Mussoorie.
  • The workshop aims to build administrative and technical readiness for the NAKSHA (NAtional geospatial Knowledge-based land Survey of urban Habitations) programme's nationwide rollout.

India Maritime Week 2025

  • Shri Amit Shah, Hon’ble Union Minister of Home Affairs inaugurated “India Maritime Week 2025” in Mumbai which was organised by Ministry of Ports, Shipping and Waterways (MoPSW).
  • Theme of the event was “Uniting Oceans, One Maritime Vision”.

IMPORTANT DAYS

Dyslexia Awareness Month

  • To spread awareness and promote inclusivity for all Indian government flagged off the ‘Walk for Dyslexia’.
  • October is observed as the Dyslexia Awareness Month every year while October 8 is recognised as the International Dyslexia Awareness Day.

PERSON IN NEWS

Queen Sirikit

  • Queen Sirikit, the Queen Mother of Thailand and widow of King Bhumibol Adulyadej (Rama IX), died at the age of 93.

Thailand

Currency: Thai Baht (THB) King/Monarch: Maha Vajiralongkorn (Rama X) Important Fact : Wat Pho (Temple of the Reclining Buddha)

AWARDS & HONOURS

Rashtriya Vigyan Puraskar 2025

  • Government of India announced Rashtriya Vigyan Puraskar 2025 to Honour Excellence in Science, Technology, and Innovation.

Awards

Award Awardees
Vigyan Ratna Prof. Jayant Vishnu Narlikar (Physics) Posthumously
Vigyan Shri Dr. Gyanendra Pratap Singh (Agricultural Science); Dr. Yusuf Mohammad Seikh (Atomic Energy); Dr. K Thangaraj (Biological Sciences); Prof. Pradeep Thalappil (Chemistry); Prof. Aniruddha Bhalchandra Pandit (Engineering Sciences); Dr. S Venkata Mohan (Environmental Science); Prof. Mahan Mj (Mathematics and Computer Science); Shri Jayan N (Space Science and Technology)
Vigyan Yuva Dr. Jagdis Gupta Kapuganti (Agricultural Science); Dr. Satendra Kumar Mangrauthia (Agricultural Science); Shri Debarka Sengupta (Biological Sciences); Dr. Deepa Agashe (Biological Sciences); Dr. Dibyendu Das (Chemistry); Dr. Waliur Rahaman (Earth Science); Prof. Arkaprava Basu ((Engineering Sciences)
Vigyan Team Team- Aroma Mission CSIR (Agricultural Science)

ENVIRONMENT + SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY

Hurricane Melissa

  • An extremely dangerous Category 4 named Hurricane Melissa is expected to hit Caribbean nations, Haiti, Jamaica, the Dominican Republic, Cuba, and the Bahamas.

DEFENCE NEWS

Survey by INS SUTLEJ

  • INS Sutlej successfully completed a joint hydrographic survey with the Mauritius Hydrographic Service in Mauritius.
  • This deployment marks the 18th joint hydrographic mission between India and Mauritius aligned with the vision of MAHASAGAR (Mutual and Holistic Advancement for Security and Growth Across the Regions).

SPORTS

Priteesmita Bhoi Sets World Record

  • Indian weightlifter Priteesmitha Bhoi won a gold medal and set a new Youth World Record in the Clean and Jerk event at the Asian Youth Games in Manama, Bahrain.

Shaina Manimuthu and Diksha Sudhakar won Gold

  • Indian badminton players Shaina Manimuthu and Diksha Sudhakar won gold medals in their respective girls' singles events at the Badminton Asia Under-17 and Under-15 Championships in Chengdu, China.

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