Context:

• India has been elected unopposed to the United Nations Human Rights Council (UNHRC) for a three-year term (2026–28).
• This marks India’s seventh term since the establishment of the Council in 2006.

Key Points:

• Despite being unopposed, India received 177 out of 188 votes in the pro forma ballot.
• Reason for being unopposed: India contested the election from the Asia-Pacific regional group, where the number of vacant seats was equal to or fewer than the number of candidates. Therefore, the election became formal in nature, with no direct competition.
• Diplomatic commitment: India reaffirmed its unwavering commitment to human rights and fundamental freedoms.

Philosophy of “Vasudhaiva Kutumbakam” (The World is One Family):

• During the election process, India highlighted the philosophy of “Vasudhaiva Kutumbakam” in its candidature.
• This principle reflects India’s commitment to global unity, inclusiveness, and mutual respect, aligning with the universal principles of human rights.

Challenges and Opportunities for India:

Opportunities:

• India can use its tenure in the UNHRC to make constructive contributions to the global human rights dialogue.
• It can also represent the concerns of developing countries and promote a balanced approach toward human rights issues.

Challenges:

• India may face criticism from some countries on sensitive internal issues, such as Jammu and Kashmir.
• It will also have to play a significant role in reviewing global human rights situations, which can be a complex and sensitive task.

United Nations Human Rights Council (UNHRC)

• Predecessor: It replaced the United Nations Commission on Human Rights (UNCHR), which had faced questions about its credibility and effectiveness.
• Nature: An intergovernmental body within the United Nations system.
• Parent Body: A subsidiary organ of the UN General Assembly (UNGA), responsible for addressing human rights violations worldwide.
• Establishment: Created on 15 March 2006 by a UN General Assembly Resolution (60/251).
• Headquarters: Geneva, Switzerland.

Structure and Membership:

The UNHRC comprises 47 Member States, elected by the UN General Assembly based on equitable geographical distribution.

Term and Election:

• Term: Members serve for a three-year term and are not eligible for immediate re-election after serving two consecutive full terms.
• Election Process: Members are elected by the UN General Assembly (UNGA) through a secret ballot and must secure an absolute majority of votes.
• Term Limits: A member can serve for a maximum of two consecutive terms before stepping down for at least one year.