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GK Update

Sat 04 Oct, 2025

National News

Operation Chakra-5

  • The Central Bureau of Investigation (CBI) conducted raids in the HPZ cryptocurrency token case and exposed an international cyber fraud worth crores of rupees.
  • Under Operation Chakra-5, search operations were carried out yesterday at seven locations in Delhi–National Capital Region, Hyderabad, and Bengaluru.

Central Bureau of Investigation (CBI):

  • Establishment: 1963
  • Basis of Establishment: Delhi Special Police Establishment Act, 1946
  • Headquarters: New Delhi
  • Administrative Control: The administrative control of CBI lies under the Ministry of Personnel, Public Grievances and Pensions, which comes under the Prime Minister’s Office (PMO).

Promotion of Critical Mineral Recycling

  • The Ministry of Mines has issued detailed guidelines for an incentive scheme worth ₹1,500 crore with the objective of promoting critical mineral recycling.
  • The purpose of this scheme is to develop the country’s recycling capacity for the recovery and production of critical minerals from secondary sources such as e-waste, used lithium-ion batteries, and other scrap materials.

Related Facts:

  • This scheme is a part of the National Critical Minerals Mission (NCMM) and will be implemented for a period of six years from FY 2025-26 to 2030-31.
  • It aims to attract an investment of around ₹8,000 crore and generate about 70,000 jobs.

Kaushal Convocation Ceremony

  • The Kaushal Convocation Ceremony was organized on October 4, 2025, at Vigyan Bhawan, New Delhi.

Related Facts:

  • Organizer: Ministry of Skill Development and Entrepreneurship
  • Prime Minister Narendra Modi honored 46 top toppers from Industrial Training Institutes (ITIs) across the country.
  • He launched various youth-centric initiatives worth over ₹62,000 crore.
  • The Prime Minister also launched the Pradhan Mantri Kaushal and Rozgar Parivartan (PM-SETU) through Industrial Training Institutes (ITIs).

International News

Leader of the Liberal Democratic Party: Japan

  • Sanae Takaichi was elected as the new leader of Japan’s ruling Liberal Democratic Party (LDP) on October 4, 2025.
  • She will become Japan’s first female Prime Minister on October 15.

Japan:

  • Official Name: Nippon or Nihon
  • Capital: Tokyo
  • Language: Japanese
  • Currency: Yen (¥ / Yen)
  • Location: East Asia, an island nation in the Pacific Ocean
  • Main Islands: Honshu, Hokkaido, Shikoku, Kyushu
  • Japan is known as the “Land of the Rising Sun.”

USA: Navy Chief Dismissed

  • The United States Secretary of Defense, Pete Hesketh, dismissed Navy Chief John Harrison from his position following rising leadership tensions in the Navy.
  • Harrison had been appointed to this position in January this year by the Trump administration.

First Female Archbishop at Canterbury Church, England

  • Dame Sarah Mullally has become the first female Archbishop at Canterbury Church in England.
  • Sarah succeeded Justin Welby, who resigned following allegations of child abuse.

Science and Technology

Genetic Structure of the Sindhi Population

  • Scientists at the CSIR-Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology (CSIR-CCMB), Hyderabad, conducted a study on the genetic structure of the Sindhi population. The key findings of the study are as follows:

Key Findings:

  • The genetic structure of Sindhi people residing in western parts of India (mainly Gujarat, Maharashtra, and Rajasthan) is significantly different and unique compared to the Sindhi population living in neighboring Pakistan.
  • The Indian Sindhi population shares close genetic affinities with other communities in northwestern India, such as Punjabis, Kashmiris, and communities from Rajasthan.
  • Indian Sindhis also have genetic connections with Central Asian populations.

Environment News

Typhoon Matmo

  • China’s Meteorological Department has issued an orange alert for Typhoon Matmo.
  • Typhoon Matmo has intensified and is moving towards the southern coastal regions of China.

Economy and Banking

Gross GST Collection: September 2025

 

  • In September 2025, India’s gross GST collection rose to ₹1.89 lakh crore, which is 9.1% higher compared to ₹1.73 lakh crore in September 2024.

Related Facts:

  • Monthly Growth: 1.5% increase compared to ₹1.86 lakh crore in August 2025
  • Domestic Revenue: ₹1.36 lakh crore (6.8% year-on-year growth)
  • GST from Imports: ₹52,492 crore (15.6% year-on-year growth)
  • Refunds: ₹28,657 crore (40.1% year-on-year increase)
  • Net GST Revenue: ₹1.60 lakh crore (5% year-on-year growth)

Person In News

Subramanya Shiv

 

  • The birth anniversary of freedom fighter Subramanya Shiv is celebrated on October 4.
  • He was born on October 4, 1884, in Vattakundu, Madurai district, in the then Madras Presidency.

Related Facts:

  • He was the editor of the magazine ‘Gyana Bhanu’ and also authored books such as ‘Ramanuja Vijayam’ and ‘Madhwa Vijayam’.
  • He was an active supporter of the ‘Tanittamil’ (Pure Tamil) movement, which aimed to purify the Tamil language from non-Tamil words.
  • Death: He passed away on July 23, 1925, due to leprosy.

Tiruppur Kumaran

 

  • The birth anniversary of freedom fighter Tiruppur Kumaran is celebrated on October 4.
  • Tiruppur Kumaran was born on October 4, 1904, in Chennimalai village, Erode district, Tamil Nadu.

Related Facts:

  • Original Name: Kumaraswami Mudaliar
  • Title: Kodi Kaatha Kumaran (Protector of the Tricolor)
  • He founded the ‘Desh Bandhu Youth Association’.
  • A commemorative postage stamp was issued in October 2004 on his 100th birth anniversary.
  • Death: He died on January 11, 1932, in Tiruppur, Tamil Nadu, due to injuries sustained during a police attack while protesting against the British government.

Shyamji Krishna Varma

 

  • The birth anniversary of freedom fighter Shyamji Krishna Varma is celebrated on October 4.
  • He was born on October 4, 1857, in Mandvi village, Kutch district, Gujarat.

Major Contributions:

  • Establishment of India House: 1905
  • Publication of The Indian Sociologist monthly magazine: 1905
  • Establishment of the Indian Home Rule Society: 1905
  • Death: March 31, 1930, in Geneva, Switzerland.

Important Days

World Space Week

 

  • World Space Week is celebrated every year from October 4 to October 10.
  • It was declared by the United Nations General Assembly in 1999 with the aim of celebrating the significant achievements in space exploration in the fields of science and technology and their impact on human life.

Important Dates:

  • October 4, 1957: Anniversary of the launch of the first human-made Earth satellite, Sputnik 1, which marked the beginning of the space age.
  • October 10, 1967: Anniversary of the signing of the Outer Space Treaty, which forms a major foundation of international space law.

Theme for 2025: "Living in Space"

World Animal Day

  • World Animal Day is celebrated every year on October 4.
  • This day is dedicated to raising awareness about the welfare and rights of animals worldwide.

Related Facts:

  • World Animal Day was first organized on March 24, 1925, in Berlin, Germany, by Heinrich Zimmermann.
  • In 1931, it was officially adopted as a global day at the International Congress on Animal Protection in Florence, Italy.
  • Theme for 2025: "Save Animals, Save the Planet!"

 

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