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GK Update

Sun 28 Sep, 2025

National News

126th Episode of ‘Mann Ki Baat’

  • Prime Minister Narendra Modi addressed the 126th episode of his radio programme ‘Mann Ki Baat’ on 28 September 2025.

Key Highlights of the 126th Episode:

  • Extended greetings on the 100th foundation year of Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh (RSS).
  • Paid tribute to Shaheed Bhagat Singh and Bharat Ratna Lata Mangeshkar, the “Nightingale of India,” on their birth anniversaries.
  • Appealed to citizens to buy Swadeshi (indigenous) products during the upcoming festivals.
  • Shared the ongoing efforts to get Chhath Puja included in the UNESCO’s Intangible Cultural Heritage list.
  • Highlighted the efforts of rural women entrepreneurs and their sources of income.

Inauguration of Fully Indigenous 4G Stack

  • On 26 September 2025, Prime Minister Narendra Modi inaugurated India’s fully indigenous 4G stack from Jharsuguda, Odisha. Along with this, he also launched over 97,500 BSNL 4G mobile towers built with indigenous technology.
  • This indigenous 4G network is completely software-based, cloud-dependent, and future-ready, and it can be easily upgraded to 5G.

Key Facts:

  • India has become the fifth country in the world to provide indigenous 4G services.
  • With this achievement, India joins the club of China, Denmark, Sweden, and South Korea.
  • Until now, India was dependent on foreign countries for 2G, 3G, and 4G technologies.
  • The Radio Access Network (RAN) has been developed by Tejas Networks, affiliated with the government enterprise C-DOT.
  • The Prime Minister also launched 98,000 4G mobile towers, all built with indigenous technology.

International News

Announcement of the Launch of Dubai Autonomous Zone (DAZ)

  • Dubai’s Roads and Transport Authority (RTA) has announced the launch of the Dubai Autonomous Zone (DAZ).
  • It is a 15-kilometer dedicated corridor for driverless vehicles and marine transport.

Key Facts:

  • The objective of this autonomous zone is to make it operational by early 2026 and achieve the target of making 25% of Dubai’s daily trips autonomous by 2030.
  • This zone will cover Al Jaddaf Metro Station, Dubai Creek Harbour, and Dubai Festival City.

India’s Bid for Permanent Membership in the UN Security Council

  • Russia has become the only permanent member of the United Nations Security Council (UNSC) to extend support for India’s bid for permanent membership.
  • This support was expressed by Russian Foreign Minister Sergey Lavrov during the 80th session of the United Nations General Assembly.
  • He also stated that Russia supports the applications of both India and Brazil.

United Nations Security Council (UNSC):

  • Established: 1945
  • Headquarters: New York, USA
  • Total Members: 15
  • Permanent Members (P-5): USA, Russia, China, United Kingdom, France
  • Non-Permanent Members: 10, elected by the General Assembly for a 2-year term
  • Veto Power: Held only by the 5 permanent members

Cancellation of Colombian President’s Visa

  • The United States announced the cancellation of the visa of Colombian President Gustavo Petro.
  • The U.S. State Department took this step after Petro, while in New York, urged American soldiers to defy the orders of President Donald Trump and incite violence.

Colombia:

  • Capital: Bogotá
  • Currency: Colombian Peso (COP)
  • Official Language: Spanish
  • Continent: South America
  • Fact: Colombia is the only country in South America with coastlines on both the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans.

Iran Recalls Its Ambassadors

  • Iran has recalled its ambassadors from Germany, France, and the United Kingdom.
  • This move comes after the failed attempts by Russia and China to delay the restoration of international sanctions in the 15-member United Nations Security Council (UNSC).
  • Only four countries supported Iran’s draft proposal, clearing the way for the re-imposition of sanctions.

Iran:

  • Official Name: Islamic Republic of Iran
  • Capital: Tehran
  • Language: Persian (Farsi)
  • Supreme Leader: Ayatollah Ali Khamenei
  • Parliament: Majlis
  • President: Masoud Pezeshkian

Environment News

Cold Desert Biosphere Reserve – Himachal Pradesh

  • The Cold Desert Biosphere Reserve located in Himachal Pradesh has been included in UNESCO’s World Network of Biosphere Reserves.
  • This reserve spreads over 7,770 square kilometers and is considered one of the coldest and driest ecosystems in the world.

Key Facts:

  • The reserve is situated in the Western Himalayas of India, covering approximately 7,770 sq km.
  • This high-altitude reserve is known for its rugged terrain, alpine meadows, and rare wildlife, including the snow leopard and Himalayan ibex.
  • It was declared a national biosphere reserve in 2009 and now represents India’s 13th site in the global biosphere network.

Books and Authors

Same Heart, Same World

  • During the 72nd birthday celebrations of Mata Amritanandamayi in Kollam, Kerala, Dr. L. Murugan, Minister of State for Information and Broadcasting, released the book Same Heart, Same World by Dr. Manisha V. Ramesh.
  • The book is based on the relief efforts carried out by Mata Amritanandamayi’s ashram during the COVID-19 pandemic and the tsunami.

Honors and Awards

Agriculture Media Award – 2025

  • Senior journalist Amshi Prasannakumar has been selected for the Agriculture Media Award 2025.
  • The award comes under the Humble Sanhita Harinikumar Alumni Agriculture Media Award – 2025, presented by the Alumni Association of University of Agricultural Sciences (UAS), Bengaluru.
  • The award will be presented to him on 11 October 2025 during the ceremony at the Veterinary College Campus, Hebbal, Bengaluru.

Person In News

Shaheed Bhagat Singh

  • The 118th birth anniversary of the revolutionary freedom fighter Shaheed Bhagat Singh was observed on 28 September 2025.

Biography:

  • Date and Place of Birth: 28 September 1907, Banga (now in Punjab, Pakistan)
  • Date and Place of Death: 23 March 1931, Lahore (now in Pakistan)
  • Revolutionary Activities:
  • 1924: Joined the Hindustan Republican Association (HRA)
  • 1926: Founded the Naujawan Bharat Sabha
  • 1928: HRA renamed as Hindustan Socialist Republican Association (HSRA)

Arrest and Martyrdom:

  • 1929: Arrested for the bomb incident
  • 23 March 1931: Hanged in Lahore along with Sukhdev and Rajguru

Lata Mangeshkar

  • The birth anniversary of the “Nightingale of India,” Bharat Ratna Lata Mangeshkar, is observed every year on 28 September.
  • She recorded over 50,000 songs in nearly 36 Indian languages and several foreign languages. Her voice remains an immortal legacy of Indian music and cinema.

Lata Mangeshkar :

  • Date of Birth: 28 September 1929, Indore (Madhya Pradesh)
  • Date of Death: 6 February 2022, Mumbai

Major Awards:

  • Bharat Ratna: 2001
  • Padma Bhushan: 1969
  • Padma Vibhushan: 1999
  • Dadasaheb Phalke Award: 1989

Sports News

World Para Athletics Championships 2025

  • The World Para Athletics Championships 2025 is being held from September 27 to October 5, 2025, at the Jawaharlal Nehru Stadium in New Delhi.

World Para Athletics Championships 2025:

  • Edition: 12th
  • Host Country: India (first time)
  • Medal Events: 186 (101 men, 84 women, 1 mixed)
  • Mascot: Viraj
  • 2,200 athletes from 104 countries are participating. India's largest-ever contingent of 74 athletes is also included.
  • Note: India achieved its best performance to date at the World Para Athletics Championships 2024 in Kobe, Japan, finishing sixth with 17 medals, including six gold, five silver, and six bronze.

SAFF Under-17 Football Championship 2025

  • The 10th edition of the SAFF Under-17 Football Championship 2025 was held in Colombo, Sri Lanka.
  • This is an international tournament for men’s under-17 national teams, organized by the South Asian Football Federation (SAFF).

Key Highlight:

  • India won the title for the 7th time, defeating Bangladesh 4-1 in a penalty shootout.

World Archery Para Championship 2025

  • At the World Archery Para Championship 2025 held in Gwangju, South Korea, Sheetal Devi won the gold medal in the women’s individual compound event by defeating Turkey’s world No. 1 para archer Oznur Cagri Girdi.

Key Facts:

  • Sheetal Devi is the only para archer without arms in the competition.
  • This is her third medal at the World Archery Para Championship.

FIFA World Cup 2026

  • Three colorful mascots have been unveiled for the FIFA World Cup 2026, who will jointly serve as the face of the tournament.

Related facts:

  • The World Cup will be jointly hosted by three countries – the United States, Mexico, and Canada.
  • The three mascots represent the cultural characteristics and identities of these three countries.
  • Clutch: A bald eagle representing the United States.
  • Zayu: A jaguar representing Mexico.
  • Maple: A moose representing Canada, reflecting the country's diversity and connectedness.
  • The FIFA World Cup 2026 will be the 23rd FIFA World Cup.
  • The tournament will run from June 11 to July 19, 2026.

Important days

World Rabies Day

  • World Rabies Day is observed every year on 28 September to increase awareness about rabies, promote preventive measures, and protect people from this deadly disease.
  • The observance of this day was initiated in 2007 by the Lions Hearts Foundation and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC).

19th World Rabies Day:

  • Date: 28 September 2025
  • 2024 Theme: "Act Now: You, I, Community"
  • First Observed: 2007
  • Significance: Marks the death anniversary of Louis Pasteur
  • Target for elimination of dog-mediated rabies deaths (Global & India): 2030

About Rabies:

  • Type: Viral, zoonotic, neglected tropical disease
  • Cause: Rabies virus (an RNA virus)
  • Transmission: Through saliva of infected animals
  • First Rabies Vaccine Developer: Louis Pasteur

Art and Culture

Eurasia International Film Festival 2025

  • Haryana’s short film ‘Bakri’ has been selected for the Eurasia International Film Festival 2025.
  • This film is 16 minutes long and is made in the Ahirwāli language.
  • The story of ‘Bakri’ is based on the rural backdrop of the 1990s.

Related Facts:

The film is produced by Suresh Yadav. The story is written by Hariom Kaushik, while the dialogues and screenplay are written by RJ Bhardwaj.

 

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