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GK Update

Wed 30 Jul, 2025

National News

Presidential Reference hearing

  • The Supreme Court agreed to begin its hearing on a Presidential Reference by first hearing the simultaneous challenge raised by Tamil Nadu and Kerala against its maintainability.
  • The reference questions the power of the Court to draw timelines for the President and Governors to deal with State Bills sent for approval.

Supreme Court

  • The highest judicial body in the country
  • Guardian of the Constitution
  • Mention in Constitution: Articles 124 to 147 (Part V)
  • Headquarters: New Delhi
  • Appointment of Judges: By the President under Article 124(2)

Powers and Functions of the Supreme Court:

  • Original Jurisdiction: Article 131 (dealing with Centre-State and inter-state disputes)
  • Appellate Jurisdiction: Articles 132-134 (Appeals can be made in the Supreme Court against the decisions of the High Courts)
  • Special Leave Petition: Article 136
  • Interpretation of the Constitution: Article 143
  • Protection of Fundamental Rights: Article 32

Sanchar mobile app

  • Communications Minister Jyotiraditya Scindia launched the Sanchar Saathi mobile app in Hindi and 21 regional languages, ensuring its reach across diverse regions.

Akhil Bharatiya Shiksha Samagam 2025

  • Education Minister Dharmendra Pradhan inaugurated Akhil Bharatiya Shiksha Samagam 2025 in New Delhi.
  • Union Minister laid foundation to various project and launched TARA App and My Career Advisor App.

Letters of Intent (LoIs) to four foreign universities

  • Union Education Minister Dharmendra Pradhan issued Letters of Intent (LoIs) to four foreign universities for establishing their campuses in India. They are Western Sydney University (WSU), Victoria University, and La Trobe University of Australia and the University of Bristol of the U.K.

STATE SPECIAL NEWS

Extension of President’s rule in Manipur

  • The Business Advisory Committee has allotted two hours for consideration of a resolution for extension of President’s rule in Manipur for a further period of six month with effect from 13th August 2025.
  • Manipur was placed under President’s Rule on 13th February this year following the resignation of Chief Minister N. Biren Singh.

Manipur

  • Statehood: 21st January 1972
  • Governor: Ajay Kumar Bhalla
  • Lake : Loktak
  • Tribes: Aimol, Angami, Gangte, Koirao, Lamgang, Maring, Monsang, Purum, Ralte, Suhte, Thadou, Zou, Tarao, Kharam
  • Bordering States: Assam, Nagaland, Mizoram
  • Major Protected Areas: Keibul Lamjao National Park, Shirui National Park, Kailam Wildlife Sanctuary, Zeilad Wildlife Sanctuary
  • Festivals: Lai-Haraoba, Yaoshang (Dol Jatra), Ratha Jatra, Ramjan Eid, KUT (Kuki-chin-Mizo), Gang-Ngai, Chumpha, Christmas, Cheiraoba, Hekru Hidongba, Ningol Chakouba, Lui Ngai Ni, Kwak Jatra

August 7 as Sustainable Agriculture Day

  • · Maharashtra government has announced August 7 will be celebrated annually as “Sustainable Agriculture Day” to mark the birth centenary of Bharat Ratna Dr. M. S. Swaminathan, the architect of India’s Green Revolution.

Maharashtra

  • Foundation Day: May 1st, 1960
  • Legislative Assembly Seats: 288
  • Highest Peak: Kalsubai
  • Longest River: Godavari
  • CM: Devendra Fadnavis
  • Lok Sabha Seats: 48
  • Governor: C. P. Radhakrishnan
  • Rajya Sabha Seats: 19

Induction of Agniveers in Corbett Tiger Protection Force

  • On the occasion of International Tiger Day Chief Minister Pushkar Singh Dhami announced, Agniveers soldiers will be directly inducted into the Tiger Protection Force being set up at Corbett Tiger Reserve in Uttarakhand.

Uttarakhand

  • Foundation Day: 9 November 2000
  • Capital: Dehradun
  • Highest Peak: Nandadevi
  • Devprayag: Confluence of Bhagirathi and Alaknanda
  • National Parks: Rajaji, Jim Corbett, Valley of Flowers, Nanda Devi, Gangotri, Govind Pashu Vihar
  • Major Festivals of Uttarakhand: Holi of Kumaon, Harela and Bhitauli, Magh Mela, Kumbh Ka Mela, Nanda Devi Mela, Bissu Mela
  • Major Himalayan ranges in Uttarakhand: Bandarpoonch, Gangotri, Kamet, Nanda Devi, Panchchuli and Adi Kailash

Construction of Hostels in Manipur

  • The Union Minister of Education, Dharmendra Pradhan virtually laid the foundation stone for the construction of hostels in different schools across various district of Manipur under Dharti Aaba Janjatiya Gram Utkarsh Abhiyan (DA-JGUA) and Pradhan Mantri Janjati Adivasi Nyaya Maha Abhiyan (PM-JANMAN).

DA-JGUA & PM-JANMAN Schemes

Scheme Name Dharti Aaba Janjatiya Gram Utkarsh Abhiyan (DA-JGUA) Pradhan Mantri Janjati Adivasi Nyaya Maha Abhiyan (PM-JANMAN)
Launch Year 2024 2023
Primary Objective Saturation of government schemes in tribal villages named after tribal icons Holistic development of Particularly Vulnerable Tribal Groups (PVTGs)
Key Features Identify villages named after tribal heroes and saturate them with welfare schemes Providing infrastructure, health, education, livelihood and basic amenities
Implementing Ministry Ministry of Tribal Affairs Ministry of Tribal Affairs (Nodal); Other ministries involved

INTERNATIONAL NEWS

UK to Recognise Palestinian State

  • UK Prime Minister Keir Starmer has announced that Britain will recognise a Palestinian state unless Israel takes steps to relieve suffering in Gaza, where starvation is spreading, and reaches a ceasefire in the nearly two-year war with Hamas.

Britain (United Kingdom)

  • Official name: United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
  • Capital: London
  • Major cities: London, Manchester, Birmingham, Glasgow, Liverpool
  • Currency: Pound Sterling (£) - GBP
  • Head of State: King Charles III
  • Parliament: Bicameral: House of Commons and House of Lords
  • Continent: Europe
  • Famous rivers: Thames, Severn

India-Syria

  • Suresh Kumar, Joint Secretary for the West Asia and North Africa division at the External Affairs Ministry, met the Syrian provisional government’s Foreign Minister Asaad Hassan al-Shaibani on in Damascus.
  • This is India’s first outreach to Syria since the fall of Assad, who was ousted in Dec. 2024.

Syria

Capital: Damascus President: Ahmed al-Sharaa Currency: Syrian pound (SYP)

ECONOMY & BANKING

RBI caps investment by banks

  • The Reserve Bank of India (RBI) has issued revised guidelines capping investment by Regulated Entities (REs) at 20% of the corpus of an Alternative Investment Fund (AIF) scheme.

Reserve Bank of India (RBI)

  • Recommendation: Hilton Young Commission (1926)
  • Statutory basis: RBI Act, 1934
  • Estb: 1st April, 1935
  • HQ: Mumbai
  • Nationalised: 1949
  • First Governor: Osborne Smith (1935-37)
  • First Indian Governor: C.D. Deshmukh (1943-49)
  • Current Governor: Sanjay Malhotra

IMF Raises India’s Growth Forecast to 6.4%

  • The International Monetary Fund (IMF) has revised its forecast for India’s economic growth to 6.4 percent for both 2025 and 2026.

International Monetary Fund (IMF)

Founded: 1944

Headquarters: Washington D.C., United States

  • Managing Director: Kristalina Georgieva
  • Members: 189

Investor awareness campaign

  • Securities and Exchange Board of India (SEBI), in collaboration with the National Stock Exchange (NSE), has launched a nationwide investor awareness campaign titled #SEBIvsSCAM to protect investors from rising financial frauds.

SEBI

Formed: April 12, 1988 Headquarters: Mumbai, Maharashtra Chairperson: Tuhin Kanta Pandey

IMPORTANT DAYS

International Friendship Day

  • 30 July is celebrated as the International Day of Friendship.
  • In 2011, the General Assembly of the United Nations decided to designate 30 July as the International Day of Friendship

PERSON IN NEWS

Meghnad Desai

  • Lord Meghnad Desai, renowned British Indian economist and House of Lords peer, died on Tuesday aged 85.

ENVIRONMENT + SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY

Tiger density in India

  • · A report on the status of tigers in the reserve, Kaziranga Tiger Reserve (KTR) in Assam has recorded the third-highest tiger density in India after the Bandipur Tiger Reserve in Karnataka and the Corbett National Park in Uttarakhand.

Earthquake Strikes Off Russia’s Kamchatka Coast

  • According to an updated report from the United States Geological Survey (USGS), a powerful 8.8-magnitude earthquake struck off the Pacific coast of Russia’s Kamchatka Peninsula.
  • The Pacific Tsunami Warning Center issued widespread alerts following the earthquake. Tsunami warnings have been issued for Russia, Japan, and island nations across the Pacific.

Earthquake and Tsunami

Aspect Earthquake Tsunami
Definition Sudden shaking of the Earth’s surface due to tectonic movements Series of ocean waves caused by displacement of water, usually due to undersea earthquakes
Cause Tectonic plate movements, volcanic eruptions, or human activity Mostly undersea earthquakes, volcanic eruptions, or landslides
Measurement Scale Richter Scale / Moment Magnitude Scale (Mw) No fixed scale; height and energy of waves measured
Warning System Seismic sensors and geological monitoring Tsunami Warning Centers (e.g., INCOIS in India, PTWC globally)

DEFENCE NEWS

Naval Chief Visit to Japan

  • Chief of the Naval Staff Admiral Dinesh K Tripathi is on a four-day official visit to Japan where he will visit Japan Maritime Self-Defense Force (JMSDF) units and interact with the Commander-in-Chief, Self Defence Fleet.

Indian Navy

  • Founded: 26 January 1950
  • Navy Day: 4 December
  • Motto(s): Shaṁ No Varunaḥ
  • Supreme Commander: President Droupadi Murmu

SPORTS

WTT Star Contender Brazil 2025

  • Table Tennis competition, WTT Star Contender Brazil 2025, kicked off in Foz do Iguaçu, in Brazil.

Sciver-Brunt

  • England captain Nat Sciver-Brunt displaced India batter Smriti Mandhana from the No. 1 spot in the latest ICC women’s ODI batting rankings.

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