National News

Honored after FTA Signing

• Union Minister of Commerce and Industry, Piyush Goyal, was honored in Mumbai after the signing of the India-UK Free Trade Agreement (FTA).
• This agreement was signed on 24 July 2025 in London in the presence of Prime Minister Narendra Modi and UK Prime Minister Keir Starmer.
• Piyush Goyal signed the agreement along with UK Trade Secretary Jonathan Reynolds.

India has bilateral agreements with various countries:

Discovery of Uranium Reserves

• A new large uranium deposit has been discovered in the Jaduguda region of East Singhbhum district in Jharkhand.
• The estimated quantity of this deposit is approximately 15,598 tonnes, which will play a significant role in enhancing India’s nuclear energy capacity.

Uranium:

State News

Formation of State Sanitation Workers Commission

• The Bihar government has announced the formation of the State Sanitation Workers Commission.
• The objective of this commission is to ensure the protection of rights and interests, welfare, rehabilitation, social upliftment, grievance redressal, and monitoring of various welfare schemes for sanitation workers in the state.

Bihar:

International news

MoU for Cooperation in Fisheries and Aquaculture

• India and the Maldives have signed a Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) to enhance cooperation in the field of fisheries and aquaculture.
• This agreement focuses on tuna fishing, development of the value chain, and promotion of scientific innovation.

Aquaculture :

New Round of U.S.-China Trade Talks Held in Stockholm

• The United States and China began a new round of trade talks on 28 July 2025 in Stockholm, Sweden.
• These high-level negotiations are being led by U.S. Treasury Secretary Scott Besant and Chinese Vice Premier He Lifeng.

United States of America (USA):

U.S. and EU Finalize Trade Agreement

• On 28 July 2025, the United States and the European Union (EU) finalized a comprehensive trade agreement.
• Under this agreement, most goods imported from the EU into the U.S. will be subject to a 15% tariff.

Related Facts:

Science and Technology

Launch of NISAR Satellite

• The Earth observation satellite "NISAR", jointly developed by the Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) and NASA, will be launched on 30 July 2025.
• The launch will take place from the Satish Dhawan Space Centre in Sriharikota aboard the GSLV-F16 rocket.

NISAR Satellite:

‘Global SPECS 2030’ Initiative

• The World Health Organization (WHO) has launched a global initiative called ‘Global SPECS 2030’ with the objective of ensuring universal access to affordable eye care services by the year 2030.

Main Pillars of the ‘Global SPECS 2030’ Initiative (as per the SPECS acronym):

SARS-CoV-2 Virus

• Researchers from the Catholic University of the Sacred Heart in Italy have concluded in their study that vaccines have prevented over 2.5 million deaths caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus.
• According to the researchers, one COVID-related death was averted for every 5,400 vaccine doses administered.

SARS-CoV-2 Virus:

Sports News

FISU World University Games 2025

• The FISU World University Games 2025 ("Rhine-Ruhr 2025", Edition: XXXII – 32nd) were held from 16 to 27 July 2025 across six cities in Germany’s Rhine-Ruhr metropolitan region — Bochum, Duisburg, Essen, Mülheim an der Ruhr, Hagen — and the national capital, Berlin.

India's performance:

Wiesław Zapiawski Memorial 2025

• India’s Tejaswin Shankar set a new national decathlon record by scoring 7,826 points at the Wiesław Zapiawski Memorial 2025 athletics meet held in Poland, finishing in fourth place.
• The 26-year-old athlete surpassed his previous best of 7,666 points, which had earned him a silver medal.

Environment News

Panel Formed for COP-33 Preparations

• The Central Government has constituted a panel or dedicated committee for the preparations of COP-33 (United Nations Climate Change Conference) to be hosted by India in 2028.
• Prime Minister Narendra Modi had proposed India's hosting of COP-33 during the COP-28 summit held in Dubai, which received international support.

United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC):

Appointments

Anuradha Thakur

• The Central Government has appointed Anuradha Thakur, Secretary of the Department of Economic Affairs, Ministry of Finance, Government of India, as a Director on the Central Board of the Reserve Bank of India (RBI).
• She will replace Ajay Seth, who has been appointed as the new Chairperson of the Insurance Regulatory and Development Authority of India (IRDAI).

Reserve Bank of India (RBI):

Defense News

"Bold Kurukshetra 2025"

• The 14th edition of the India-Singapore joint military exercise, Bold Kurukshetra 2025, began in Jodhpur, Rajasthan on 27 July 2025 and will continue until 4 August.
• The exercise involves the Mechanised Infantry Regiment of the Indian Army and the 42nd Armoured Regiment of Singapore, which is part of the 4th Singapore Armoured Brigade.

Related Facts:

Important Days

World Hepatitis Day

• World Hepatitis Day is observed every year on 28 July to raise awareness about viral hepatitis (A, B, C, D, E)—a group of infectious diseases that cause inflammation of the liver—and to promote its prevention, testing, and treatment.

Related facts:

World Nature Conservation Day

• World Nature Conservation Day is observed every year on 28 July to raise awareness about the importance of conserving natural resources.