Context: The Ministry of Defence successfully conducted tests of the short-range ballistic missiles Prithvi-II and Agni-I from the Integrated Test Range (ITR) at Chandipur, Odisha.

Key Points:

• The tests were conducted under the supervision of the Strategic Forces Command (SFC) and Defence Research and Development Organisation (DRDO).
• Objective: To validate the accuracy, operational reliability, and technical performance of the missiles. Both missiles met all mission objectives.

Detailed Comparison:

Prithvi-II Missile:

• Indigenously developed by DRDO.
• Surface-to-surface missile, fully capable of carrying nuclear warheads.
• High accuracy, primarily operated by the Strategic Forces Command.
• Can be equipped with a variety of warheads such as High Explosive, Cluster, Tactical Nuclear, and Blast versions.

Agni-I Missile:

• The first missile of the Agni series developed by DRDO.
• Single-stage, solid-fuel missile with quick-launch capabilities.
• Can be launched from mobile platforms (road/rail).
• Designed for quick nuclear payload delivery and suitable for medium-range operations.

Strategic Importance of the Tests:

• Demonstrates that India's strategic missile arsenal is fully operational and reliable.
• Strengthens India's deterrence posture under its nuclear policy.
• Reflects India's emphasis on indigenization and advanced preparedness.
• Enhances India’s technological and strategic edge amid regional security challenges.

Prithvi Missile Series: General Overview

• India’s first indigenously developed short-range, surface-to-surface ballistic missile.

Development and History:

• Initiated in the 1980s by DRDO in collaboration with Bharat Dynamics Limited (BDL).
• First test: February 25, 1988 (Prithvi-I).
• Inducted: Into Indian Army and SFC in 2003.
• Purpose: Designed to target enemy installations like command centers, military bases, and infrastructure.

Variants:

Technical Features:

• Propulsion: Single-stage liquid fuel in all variants.
• Payload: Capable of carrying conventional and nuclear warheads.
• Accuracy: CEP ~10–15 meters (Prithvi-II).
• Deployment Platforms: Mobile launchers, naval vessels (for Dhanush).

Agni Missile Series: General Overview

• A family of indigenously developed ballistic missiles by DRDO.
• Capable of carrying both nuclear and conventional warheads.
• Ensures Credible Minimum Deterrence, core to India's defense policy.

Development and History:

• Developed under Integrated Guided Missile Development Programme (IGMDP) in the 1980s.
• Built by DRDO and Bharat Dynamics Limited (BDL).
• First test: Agni-I was tested on May 22, 1989.
• Aimed to deter regional and global threats, especially from Pakistan and China.

Variants of Agni Missiles:

Conclusion: The successful tests of Prithvi-II and Agni-I demonstrate India’s readiness in strategic deterrence and self-reliant defense capabilities. These systems not only strengthen national security but also reinforce India's position in maintaining regional stability through a robust missile defense posture.