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GK Update

Sat 28 Jun, 2025

National News

India Rejects Verdicts Issued by So-Called Arbitration Court

  • India has rejected the verdicts issued by a so-called arbitration court concerning the Kishanganga and Ratle hydroelectric projects located in the Indian Union Territory of Jammu & Kashmir.
  • India's position is that such an illegally constituted arbitral body has no legal standing, and any proceedings, decisions, or awards issued by it are entirely illegal and meaningless.

State Specific News

E-Voting Through Mobile App

  • Bihar has become the first state in the country to conduct e-voting through a mobile app.
  • The Bihar State Election Commission announced on 28th June that e-voting (electronic voting) through a mobile app will be introduced in the municipal general and by-elections 2025 in Bihar.

State Election Commission (SEC) :

  • Type: A constitutional body

Establishment:

  • 73rd Constitutional Amendment Act, 1992 – for Panchayat elections
  • 74th Constitutional Amendment Act, 1992 – for Municipal elections

Main Objective:

To superintend, direct, control and conduct elections to —

  • Panchayati Raj Institutions (Gram Panchayat, Block Samiti, Zila Parishad)
  • Urban Local Bodies (Municipalities, Municipal Corporations) in the States and Union Territories
  • Article 243K: Deals with elections to Panchayats
  • Article 243ZA: Deals with elections to Municipalities
  • Appointment: By Governor
  • Procedure for removal: Same as that of a Judge of High Court (Article 243K(2))

Approval of National Highway 210 (NH-210)

  • The Ministry of Road Transport and Highways has approved National Highway 210 (NH-210) for the state of Sikkim.
  • NH-210 will start from the junction with NH-710 near the Teesta Bridge in Melli, and will connect important locations such as Melli Bazar, Mamring, and Samardong, before terminating at the junction with NH-510 near Singtam.

Sikkim:

  • A hilly state located in the northeastern part of India
  • Size: Thumb-like
  • Formation: Merged into the Indian Union: 16 May 1975
  • Became the 22nd state of India

Boundaries:

  • In the north – Tibet (China), in the east – Bhutan, in the west – Nepal, in the south – West Bengal
  • Capital: Gangtok
  • Largest city: Gangtok
  • Major river: Teesta
  • Famous lake: Tsomgo Lake, Gurudongmar Lake
  • First Organic State – Declared in 2016

World MSME Day Program: Uttar Pradesh

  • On the occasion of World MSME (Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises) Day, on 27th June 2025, Uttar Pradesh Chief Minister Yogi Adityanath organized a grand event at Lok Bhawan in Lucknow.
  • During the event, he inaugurated the Youth Adda, launched the CM Yuva Mobile App, and inaugurated ODOP CFC projects worth ₹18 crore in Bareilly and Moradabad.

Uttar Pradesh:

  • Foundation Day: 24 January
  • Lok Sabha seats: 80, Rajya Sabha seats: 31
  • State animal: Barasingha
  • Easternmost district: Ballia
  • Westernmost district: Shamli
  • Northernmost district: Saharanpur
  • Southernmost district: Sonbhadra

Districts with major MSMEs:

  • Aligarh: Locks, hardware, copper products
  • Firozabad: Glass and bangle industry
  • Kanpur Dehat: Leather, footwear, textiles
  • Mahoba: Granite, stone industry
  • Mirzapur: Carpets, brass, handicrafts
  • Lucknow: Chikankari, handicrafts

International News

13th Polio Case Reported in Pakistan

  • The 13th case of polio in 2025 has been reported in Pakistan.
  • The new case was detected in an 18-month-old girl from Union Council Amakhel, located in the Tank district of South Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province.
  • The case was confirmed by the Regional Reference Laboratory for Polio Eradication based in Islamabad.

Pakistan :

Capital: Islamabad :

  • Largest city: Karachi
  • National language: Urdu
  • Official language: Urdu and English
  • Currency: Pakistani Rupee
  • Hinglaj Mata Temple (Balochistan – Hindu pilgrimage)
  • Mohenjo Daro (Sindh) – Indus Valley Civilization

Economy and Banking

Performance of Public Sector Banks (PSBs)

  • The total business of Public Sector Banks (PSBs) in the country reached ₹251 lakh crore in the financial year 2024–25.
  • In comparison, the total business of PSBs in the financial year 2022–23 was ₹203 lakh crore.

Related Facts:

Net Non-Performing Assets (Net NPA):

  • FY 2022-23: 1.24%
  • FY 2024-25: Decreased to 0.52%

Net Profit:

  • FY 2022-23: ₹1.04 lakh crore
  • FY 2024-25: ₹1.78 lakh crore

Dividend receipt to the government:

  • FY 2022-23: ₹20,964 crore
  • FY 2024-25: ₹34,990 crore
  • Capital Adequacy Ratio (CRAR): As of March 2025: 16.15%
  • Public Sector Banks (PSBs) of the country:
  • Public sector banks are those banks in which the government has majority stake (more than 50%)
  • Public sector banks at present: 12

“Statistical Report on Value of Production from Agriculture and Allied Sectors (2011-12 to 2023-24)”

  • The National Statistical Office (NSO) released its annual publication, “Statistical Report on Value of Production from Agriculture and Allied Sectors (2011-12 to 2023-24)”.

Key facts related to agriculture and allied sectors (2023-24):

  • Gross value added (GVA): Increased from ₹1,502 thousand crore (2011-12) to ₹4,878 thousand crore (2023-24) — 225% increase.
  • Value of production at constant prices (GVO): Increased from ₹1,908 thousand crore to ₹2,949 thousand crore — about 54.6% increase.
  • Rice and wheat: 85% share in GVO of all cereals
  • Top 5 States (contribution to GVO): Uttar Pradesh, Madhya Pradesh, Punjab, Telangana, Haryana — Total contribution 53%

"Skills for the Future: Changing India's Workforce Landscape"

  • Union Minister of State (Independent Charge) for Skill Development and Entrepreneurship and Minister of State for Education Jayant Chaudhary released a report titled "Skills for the Future: Changing India's Workforce Landscape" in New Delhi.
  • The report has been developed by the Institute for Competitiveness and Development (ICDM).

Awards and Honours

Kerala Sahitya Akademi Awards 2024

  • The Kerala Sahitya Akademi announced the 2024 literary awards in Thrissur.
  • These awards honour both emerging and established writers for their outstanding contributions to Malayalam literature.

Major Winners and Categories :

Category Winner Work/Creation
Best Novel G. R. Indugopan Aano
Poetry Anitha Thampi Muringa Vazha Kariveppu
Short Story V. Shinilal Garisappa Aruvi Athava Oru Jalayatra
Essay (Siby Kumar Memorial) M. Swaraj Pookkalude Pusthakam

Art and Culture

Jagannath Rath Yatra 2025

  • The Jagannath Rath Yatra 2025 will be held in Puri, Odisha, from 27th June to 8th July.
  • During this grand festival, Lord Jagannath, along with his brother Balabhadra and sister Subhadra, embarks on a journey from the main temple in Puri to their aunt's residence, the Gundicha Temple, riding on three magnificent chariots.

Salkhan Fossil Park

  • Salkhan Fossil Park, located in Sonbhadra, has been included in UNESCO’s Tentative List of World Heritage Sites.
  • It is considered one of the oldest fossil sites in the world.

Salkhan Fossil Park:

  • Location: Salkhan Village, Ghorawal Tehsil, Sonbhadra District, Uttar Pradesh
  • Establishment: Developed as a Fossil Park in 2002
  • Area: About 25 hectares
  • 1600 million years (1.6 billion years) old stromatolite fossils are found here.

Person In News

P. V. Narasimha Rao

  • Every year, 28th June is observed as the birth anniversary of former Prime Minister and Bharat Ratna awardee Pamulaparthi Venkata Narasimha Rao (P. V. Narasimha Rao).
  • On 30th March 2024, P. V. Narasimha Rao was posthumously awarded the Bharat Ratna, India’s highest civilian honour, for his historic economic reforms such as liberalization, privatization, and globalization, which opened the Indian economy to the global market.

Biography:

  • Born: 28 June 1921, Laxetipet, Karimnagar District (now Telangana)
  • Death: 23 December 2004, New Delhi
  • Political Party: Indian National Congress
  • Prime Minister Tenure: 21 June 1991 – 16 May 1996 (9th Prime Minister of India)
  • Father of Economic Reforms: In 1991, along with Finance Minister Dr. Manmohan Singh, he started liberalization, privatization and globalization (LPG Reforms) in India

Acharya Shri 108 Vidyanand Ji Maharaj

  • On the occasion of the 100th birth anniversary of Jain monk Acharya Vidyanand Ji Maharaj, the centenary celebrations were inaugurated by Prime Minister Narendra Modi on 28th June 2025 at Vigyan Bhawan, New Delhi.
  • The centenary year will be observed from 28th June 2025 to 22nd April 2026.

Biography:

  • Born: 22 April 1925, Shedwal (Shedwal), Karnataka
  • Real name: Surendra Upadhyay
  • Samadhi (Sallekhana) 22 September 2019 (Sallekhana)
  • Identified a place called Kundagram (now Basokund) in Bihar as the birthplace of Lord Mahavira, which was later recognized by the Government of India in 1956

Zhu iaqi

  • The Board of Governors of the Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank (AIIB) has elected Zhu Jiaqi as the next President of the bank.

Important Days

National Statistics Day

  • In India, National Statistics Day is celebrated every year on 29th June.
  • This day marks the birth anniversary of the great Indian statistician Prof. Prasanta Chandra Mahalanobis, who is widely regarded as the father of modern statistics in India.

Related Facts:

  • First celebrated in 2007:
  • This day honours the achievements of Prof. Mahalanobis, such as the “Mahalanobis Distance” and his contribution to the Five Year Plans
  • Theme for 2025: “Using Data for Decision Making”

 

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