Reference:

• The 51st G7 Summit was hosted by Canada and held from 15 to 17 June 2025 in Kananaskis, Alberta.

Key Points:

• Venue and Date: 15–17 June 2025, Kananaskis, Alberta, Canada
• Host: Canadian Prime Minister Mark Carney
• Participants: G7 countries (Canada, France, Germany, Italy, Japan, United Kingdom, United States), European Union, and invited countries (India, Brazil, Mexico, South Africa, Ukraine, Australia, South Korea)
• Significance: This summit marked the 50th anniversary of the G7, which began in 1975. It was the first G7 summit attended by British Prime Minister Keir Starmer, Canadian PM Mark Carney, Japanese PM Shigeru Ishiba, German Chancellor Friedrich Merz, and US President Donald Trump (first time since 2019).

Major Participants and Invitees:

• Permanent Members: Canada, France, Germany, Italy, Japan, United Kingdom, United States, European Union
• Invited Countries: Australia, Brazil, Mexico, South Africa, South Korea, Ukraine
• Special Organizations: NATO, United Nations, and World Bank President were also invited.

Key Agenda:

• Global Economic Stability and Growth: Inflation, concerns of economic recession, global trade imbalance, securing supply chains
• Energy Security and Digital Transition: Artificial Intelligence (AI), quantum computing, critical minerals, net-zero targets, emphasis on renewable sources and green hydrogen for energy self-reliance
• Peace and Security: Israel–Iran conflict, Ukraine–Russia war, counter-terrorism, cyber security
• Discussion on international humanitarian aid and protection of refugees

Global Trade and Tariffs:

• US President Donald Trump's tariff policies, particularly on autos, steel, and aluminum, influenced discussions. Canada and the UK urged Trump to reduce tariffs.
• Discussion on the AUKUS defense agreement among Australia, the UK, and the US.

India’s Role:

• Participation of Prime Minister Narendra Modi: Although not a G7 member, India participated as an outreach partner for the sixth time. PM Modi attended the summit after visiting Cyprus.
• Bilateral Meetings: PM Modi held bilateral talks with Canadian PM Mark Carney, Ukrainian President Volodymyr Zelenskyy, Mexican President Claudia Sheinbaum, and leaders of Germany and Italy. No meeting with Trump took place as he returned early to Washington.
• India-Canada Relations: Following recent tensions (especially after the 2023 killing of Khalistan supporter Hardeep Singh Nijjar), this visit was seen as a key step toward mending ties. Carney’s invitation was viewed as a new beginning in India-Canada relations.
• Representation of the Global South: PM Modi highlighted Global South priorities, such as climate change, economic stability, and access to technology. India’s fast-growing economy (USD 3.57 trillion GDP) and its role in global supply chains made it significant to the G7.
• Reference to Operation Sindoor: India’s April 2025 counter-strike on terror infrastructure in Pakistan and PoK after the Pahalgam attacks influenced discussions on regional security.

G7 Group (Group of Seven):

• Year: 1975
• First Meeting: Held in Rambouillet, France
• Objective: To address global economic crises and promote coordinated economic policies
• Current G7 Members: Canada, France, Italy, Germany, Japan, United Kingdom, and United States
• In 1998, Russia was included, turning G7 into G8
• But in 2014, after the annexation of Crimea from Ukraine, Russia was suspended, and the group returned to being G7.