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GK Update

Wed 11 Jun, 2025

National News

MoU between CAQM, CSIR-CRRI, and SPA

  • To reduce road dust pollution in the National Capital Region and adjoining areas, the Commission for Air Quality Management (CAQM) signed a tripartite Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) with CSIR-Central Road Research Institute (CSIR-CRRI) and the School of Planning and Architecture (SPA), New Delhi, on 10th June 2025.

Related Facts:

  • Phase 1 covers 9 NCR cities: Delhi, Faridabad, Gurgaon, Sonipat, Ghaziabad, Noida, Greater Noida, Bhiwadi and Neemrana
  • Institutional Role
  • CAQM: Implementing agency of the project, which will set up a Project Monitoring Cell (PMC)
  • CSIR-CRRI: Will provide road engineering, construction and technical support
  • SPA: Will support urban planning, greening and sustainable development

Approval of Two Railway Multi-Tracking Projects in Andhra Pradesh

  • On 10th June 2025, the Union Cabinet of India approved two railway multi-tracking projects spanning across seven districts of Jharkhand, Karnataka, and Andhra Pradesh, with a combined length of approximately 318 kilometers.
  • These projects are expected to improve railway connectivity for around 1,408 villages and benefit a population of nearly 2.819 million. The initiatives aim to enhance regional connectivity, reduce congestion, and increase the capacity of the railway network.

Indian Railways:

  • Founded: 1853 (First train ran from Mumbai to Thane on 16 April)
  • Headquarters: Rail Bhawan, New Delhi
  • Oversight Ministry: Ministry of Railways, Government of India
  • Administrative Body: Railway Board
  • Network Length: Approx 68,000+ km
  • Railway Zones: 19 (eg. Northern Railway, Western Railway, Southern Railway etc.)
  • Employee Number: Approx 12 lakh
  • Semi-High Speed ​​Train: Vande Bharat Express
  • Daily Passengers: Approx 2 crores
  • Rank in the World: 4th Largest Railway System (by Length)
  • Bullet Train Project: Mumbai-Ahmedabad (in collaboration with Japan)
  • Green Goal: Net-Zero Carbon Emission by 2030
  • Digital Services: IRCTC, UTS App, Rail Madad, Wi-Fi, E-Catering
  • Revenue Sources: Freight Transport, Passenger Fares, Advertising, PPP Projects

 

State Specific News

Approval of Delhi School Education Ordinance, 2025

  • The Delhi government has approved the Delhi School Education (Transparency in Fee Determination and Regulation) Ordinance, 2025 to control arbitrary fee hikes by private schools in the National Capital.
  • This ordinance will come into effect from 1st April 2025 and will be applicable to all 1,677 private schools in Delhi.

Economy and Banking

India's Economic Growth: World Bank

  • According to the World Bank's latest Global Economic Prospects report, India's economic growth rate is projected to be 6.3 percent for the fiscal year 2025–26.

World Bank:

  • Founded: 1944
  • Headquarters: Washington DC
  • Current President: Ajay Banga
  • Objective: Reduce poverty and promote sustainable development in developing countries
  • Function: Provide financing, technical assistance and policy advice to development projects
  • Motto: "Working for a World Free of Poverty"

Reports and Indexes

‘State-Owned Financial Institutions of India: Accelerating Ahead’

  • According to S&P Ratings' report titled "State-Owned Financial Institutions of India: Accelerating Ahead", capital expenditure by Indian corporates is expected to double over the next five years, reaching between USD 800 billion and USD 850 billion.
  • A major portion of this capital spending is likely to be funded through operating cash flows and domestic financing options.

Related facts:

  • More investment in renewable energy
  • Power with transmission, airlines and emerging sectors such as green hydrogen will account for nearly three-quarters of the increase in capital expenditure over the next five years
  • Earnings and operating cash flow of these sectors have increased or doubled by about 60 per cent from the level five years ago and will grow further
  • The airline sector is expected to invest about $100 billion in new aircraft

Latest Data from ILOSTAT Database

  • According to the latest figures from the ILOSTAT database of the International Labour Organization (ILO), India's social security coverage has increased from 19 percent in 2015 to 64.3 percent in 2025 — marking an unprecedented rise of 45 percentage points over the past decade.

International Labour Organisation (ILO):

  • Founded: 1919 (under the Treaty of Versailles)
  • Constitution adopted: 1919, amended 1944 (Philadelphia Declaration)
  • Association with the United Nations: Since 1946
  • Headquarters: Geneva, Switzerland
  • Member countries: 187 (including India)
  • India's membership: Since 1919
  • Working languages: English, French, Spanish
  • Main organs:
  • International Labour Conference
  • Governing Body
  • International Labour Office

International News

Discussion on Strengthening India-EU Parliamentary Relations

  • External Affairs Minister Dr. S. Jaishankar held discussions with the President of the European Parliament, Roberta Metsola, in Brussels to further strengthen India-European Union parliamentary relations.
  • Both leaders agreed to promote cooperation based on shared values of democracy and pluralism.

European Union:

  • Founded: 1 November 1993 (under the Maastricht Treaty)
  • Initially formed: European Coal and Steel Community (ECSC) in 1951 and European Economic Community (EEC) in 1957
  • Headquarters: Brussels, Belgium
  • Member countries: 27 (after 2020, United Kingdom left due to Brexit)
  • Currency: Euro (€) – used in 20 countries

Science and Technology

Strawberry Moon

  • On the occasion of the full moon of Jyeshtha Shukla Paksha, a rare astronomical event will occur on 10-11 June 2025, in which the Strawberry Moon will shine in the sky.
  • It is said that the native tribes of North America, especially the Algonquin tribes, knew this full moon as the Strawberry Moon. During this full moon, the strawberry crop would ripen and the native tribes would start harvesting strawberries.

Other Full Moons:

  • Wolf Moon (January): Symbolizes the howling of wolves during mid-winter.
  • Snow Moon (February): Represents heavy snowfall during the winter season.
  • Worm Moon (March): Marks the appearance of earthworms as the soil softens.
  • Pink Moon (April): Does not refer to the moon’s color, but to the blooming of pink wildflowers.
  • Strawberry Moon (June): Traditionally signifies the strawberry harvesting season.
  • Harvest Moon (September/October): Known as the Full Corn Moon in September, it marks the gathering of crops at the end of the summer.
  • Cold Moon (December): Named due to the onset of winter in December.

SARS-CoV-2 Virus

  • Israeli researchers at the Hebrew University of Jerusalem have discovered that a protein of the SARS-CoV-2 virus, known as the nucleocapsid protein (NP), may cause the immune system to mistakenly attack healthy cells.
  • While this protein plays a role in packaging the virus's genetic material, it can also trigger the body’s immune system to harm its own cells, potentially leading to increased complications during infection.

SARS-CoV-2 Virus:

  • Full Name: Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2
  • Name Meaning: This virus is similar to Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS) and belongs to the coronavirus group.
  • Identification Year: December 2019 (First in Wuhan, China)
  • Disease Name: COVID-19 (Coronavirus Disease 2019)

Unveiling of Artificial Intelligence Technology

  • An international team of scientists has unveiled an artificial intelligence (AI) technology that securely analyzes global cancer samples, paving the way for more personalized and privacy-preserving cancer treatments.

Artificial Intelligence:

  • Origin of the term: by John McCarthy in 1956
  • Development of AI: Inspired by mathematics, computer science, logic, and neuroscience
  • Early experiments: gaming, computation, and automation
  • Main types of AI:
  • Narrow AI – for a specific task (e.g. chatbots, speech recognition)
  • General AI – Thinking ability equal to humans (currently under development)
  • Super AI – Intelligence greater than humans (future vision)

Person In News

K.S. Hegde

  • On 11th June 2025, Lok Sabha Speaker Om Birla paid floral tribute to the portrait of former Lok Sabha Speaker K.S. Hegde at the Constitution Hall on the occasion of his birth anniversary.

K. S. Hegde :

  • Full Name: Kaniya Subramanya Hegde
  • Born: 11 June 1909 – Udupi District, Karnataka
  • Death: 24 May 1990
  • Profession: Judge (1967 – 1973), MP, Speaker of Lok Sabha (Tenure: 1977 – 1980 (6th Lok Sabha))
  • Member of Parliament:
  • Lok Sabha MP: 1952–1957 (1st Lok Sabha)
  • Rajya Sabha MP: 1977 (from Janata Party)

Sant Kabir Das

  • On 11th June 2025, Prime Minister Narendra Modi paid tribute to the great poet and social reformer Sant Kabir Das on the occasion of his birth anniversary.

Sant Kabir Das:

  • Birth: Around 1398 AD (1440 AD according to some opinions)
  • Birthplace: Lahartara near Varanasi (Uttar Pradesh)
  • Death: Around 1518 AD, Maghar (Uttar Pradesh)
  • Religion: Major saint of Nirgun Bhaktidhara
  • Basic identity: Social reformer, Bhakt poet, spiritual guru
  • Guru: Considered to be Swami Ramanand
  • Works: Collected in Bijak, Kabir Granthavali etc.
  • Pioneer of Nirgun Bhakti Marg – God is formless.

Vladimir Medinsky

  • According to Vladimir Medinsky, an aide to the Russian President, Moscow seeks peace but insists that Ukraine must stop acting as a Western proxy.

Russia :

  • Capital : Moscow
  • Largest city : Moscow
  • President : Vladimir Putin
  • Official language : Russian
  • Currency : Russian Ruble (RUB)
  • Religion : Russian Orthodox Christianity (main), Islam, Buddhism, Judaism etc.
  • National flag : White, blue, red (three horizontal stripes)
  • Continent : Both Europe and Asia (Eurasia)
  • Important places : Siberia, Ural Mountains, Baltic Sea, Black Sea, Lake Baikal (deepest lake in the world)

Sports News

FIFA World Cup 2026

  • Brazil and Ecuador have qualified for the FIFA World Cup 2026.

FIFA World Cup 2026:

  • Event: Will be held from 11 June 2026 to 19 July 2026.
  • The tournament will be jointly held in 16 cities of three North American countries—Canada, Mexico and the United States.
  • This will be the first time that three countries have jointly hosted the World Cup.
  • A total of 48 teams will participate in this tournament, which has increased from the earlier 32 teams.
  • A total of 104 matches will be played, out of which 60 matches will be held in America, and 10-10 matches will be held in Canada and Mexico.

 

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